Provided are a method for producing an anion exchange resin which is capable of producing an electrolyte membrane with excellent mechanical property (strength).

A monomer for forming a hydrophobic group is reacted with a monomer for forming a hydrophilic group in the presence of bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) as a catalyst, 2,2′-bipyridine as a co-ligand, a bromide or an iodide as a co-catalyst, and a reducing agent to produce an anion exchange resin where the hydrophobic group is connected to the hydrophilic group via direct bond, in which a mole number of bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) is 0.3 to 1.8 times a total mole number of the monomer for forming a hydrophobic group and the monomer for forming a hydrophilic group.

Cooperative energy pooling systems based on polymeric acceptors are provided herein. These systems exhibit delayed excitation of the acceptor when excited at sensitizer absorption wavelengths, and displayed CEP occurring on a timescale of tens to hundreds of picoseconds.

The present disclosure provides a light emitting device having an anode and a cathode, and a first layer and a second layer disposed between the anode and the cathode.

Described herein are methods, compositions and articles of manufacture involving neutral conjugated polymers including methods for synthesis of neutral conjugated water-soluble polymers with linkers along the polymer main chain structure and terminal end capping units. Such polymers may serve in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and in the development of highly efficient biosensors. The invention further relates to the application of these polymers in assay methods.

A polymer material includes a segment of an alternating copolymer of a structural unit of a specific structure and has a glass transition temperature of greater than or equal to about 50° C. and less than or equal to about 250° C. The polymer material is capable of improving luminescence life-span of an electroluminescence device, particularly a quantum dot light emitting device.

A method for manufacturing a zero-valent nickel compound, the method comprising supplying a nickel(II) source to a first continuous reactor; supplying a diene-based compound to the first continuous reactor; supplying a reducing agent to the first continuous reactor; and conducting a reaction of the nickel(II) source, the diene-based compound and the reducing agent in the first continuous reactor, and a method for manufacturing a polymer using a nickel complex obtained by reacting the zero-valent nickel compound and a ligand are provided.

Described herein are methods, compositions and articles of manufacture involving neutral conjugated polymers including methods for synthesis of neutral conjugated water-soluble polymers with linkers along the polymer main chain structure and terminal end capping units. Such polymers may serve in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and in the development of highly efficient biosensors. The invention further relates to the application of these polymers in assay methods.

Methods and compositions are provided that include a multichromophore and/or multichromophore complex for identifying a target biomolecule. A sensor biomolecule, for example, an antibody can be covalently linked to the multichromophore. Additionally, a signaling chromophore can be covalently linked to the multichromophore. The arrangement is such that the signaling chromophore is capable of receiving energy from the multichromophore upon excitation of the multichromophore. Since the sensor biomolecule is capable of interacting with the target biomolecule, the multichromophore and/or multichromophore complex can provide enhanced detection signals for a target biomolecule.

The present invention provides novel polymer compounds and methods and processes for polymerizing and synthesizing the new polymers by post-modifying conjugated polymers bearing unsaturated functionalities. The post-modifications are facilitated by light-mediated initiators, thermal initiators, redox-based initiators, small molecule-based initiators, or a combination thereof. Syntheses and post-modifications are carried out to high conversion via thiol-ene “click” chemistry-based mechanisms. The products comprise monomeric, oligomeric, and polymeric materials with easily-accessible pendant functionalities which impart new, distinct, and/or improved properties.

An anti-reflective hard mask comprises: (a) a terpolymer in the form of a hetero aromatic represented by chemical formula 1, or a terpolymer blend comprising same; and (b) an organic solvent.

##STR00001## wherein in the above Formula, X represents an oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atom, and n is 0 or 1, and Z group, as a monomer of the terpolymer, is a C6 to C40 aryl group and a heteroaryl group capable of forming a copolymer with the heteroaromatic monomer and a fluorenone derivative monomer, includes an ether bond or an amino bond, and R1 and R2 are hydrogen or a hydroxyl group, and are the same as or different from each other