A light-emitting device having an anode, a cathode, a first organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, and a second organic layer disposed between the anode and the first organic layer and adjacent to the first organic layer is provided. The first organic layer contains a phosphorescent compound of formula (1), and the second organic layer contains a crosslinked body formed from a polymer compound having a crosslinkable group in which the average number of the crosslinkable groups in the polymer compound per molecular weight of 1000 is at least 0.5.

A family of carboxylic acid groups containing fluorene/fluorenon copolymers is disclosed as binders of silicon particles in the fabrication of negative electrodes for use with lithium ion batteries. Triethyleneoxide side chains provide improved adhesion to materials such as, graphite, silicon, silicon alloy, tin, tin alloy. These binders enable the use of silicon as an electrode material as they significantly improve the cycle-ability of silicon by preventing electrode degradation over time. In particular, these polymers, which become conductive on first charge, bind to the silicon particles of the electrode, are flexible so as to better accommodate the expansion and contraction of the electrode during charge/discharge, and being conductive promote the flow battery current.

The invention provides for polyfluoreno[4,5-cde]oxepine conjugates and their use in methods of analyte detection.

Yellow electrochromic polymers (ECPs) are prepared that display a yellow neutral state and a highly transmissive oxidized state. The ECPs are copolymers where a dyad of dioxyhetereocyclic repeating unis alternate with a monad of an aromatic repeating unit. An alternate yellow ECP has an oxidation potential of 450 mV or less and is an alternating copolymer of an acyclic dioxythiophene (AcDOT) or a propylene dioxythiophene (ProDOT) with an aromatic repeating unit that has an electron donating substituent. The yellow ECPs can be processed from solution for electrochromic devices.

A high molecular weight compound according to the present invention includes a substituted triarylamine structural unit represented by the following general formula (1), ##STR00001## where AR.sup.1, AR.sup.2, and L each independently represent a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a divalent aromatic heterocyclic group, n is an integer of 1 to 3, Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 each independently represent an aryl group or a heteroaryl group, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a heavy hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyloxy group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, or a heteroaryl group.

A resist underlayer film forming composition for lithography that can be used as a hard mask. The composition can improve pattern resolution due to having a trihalogenoacetamide skeleton. A resist underlayer film forming composition for lithography comprising a hydrolyzable silane, a hydrolysis product thereof, a hydrolysis condensate thereof, or a combination thereof as a silane, wherein the hydrolyzable silane comprises a silane having a halogen-containing carboxylic acid amide group.

The present invention provides, among other aspects, stabilized chromophoric nanoparticles. In certain embodiments, the chromophoric nanoparticles provided herein are rationally functionalized with a pre-determined number of functional groups. In certain embodiments, the stable chromophoric nanoparticles provided herein are modified with a low density of functional groups. In yet other embodiments, the chromophoric nanoparticles provided herein are conjugated to one or more molecules. Also provided herein are methods for making rationally functionalized chromophoric nanoparticles.

A polymer comprising repeat units of formula (I) and one or more co-repeat units: ##STR00001## Ar.sup.1 in each occurrence independently represent an aryl or heteroaryl group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 in each occurrence independently represent a substituent; p independently in each occurrence is 0 or a positive integer; Sp represents a spacer group comprising at least one carbon or silicon atom spacing the two groups Ar.sup.1 apart; and each group Ar.sup.1 is bound to an aromatic group of a co-repeat unit. The polymer may form a charge-transporting layer of an OLED or may be a host material used with a luminescent dopant in a light-emitting layer of an OLED.

A polymer comprising an optionally substituted repeat unit of formula (I): wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 in each occurrence are independently selected from H or a substituent; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be linked to form a ring; and A is an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides a white-light block polymer, an ink composition, and a manufacturing method thereof. The white-light block polymer makes it only necessary to print one ink when using inkjet printing, thereby simplifying inkjet printing processing and meanwhile preventing a crosstalk problem of pixels having different colors of light. The present disclosure makes the ink composition suitable for inkjet printing by properly mixing the white-light block polymer, an organic solvent, a surface tension modifier, and a viscosity modifier in a suitable ratio.