A photoelectric conversion element including: first support; first electrode; electron-transporting layer; photoelectric conversion layer; hole-transporting layer; and second electrode, the hole-transporting layer including polymer including recurring unit of General Formula (1) below and compound of General Formula (2):

##STR00001##

where Ar.sub.1 represents aromatic hydrocarbon, which may have substituent; Ar.sub.2 and Ar.sub.3 each independently represent bivalent group of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, non-condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, or condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which may have substituent; Ar.sub.4 represents bivalent group of benzene, thiophene, biphenyl, anthracene, or naphthalene, which may have substituent; R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 each independently represent hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl; and n represents integer that is 2 or more and allows the polymer of General Formula (1) to have weight average molecular weight of 2,000 or more; and

##STR00002##

where R.sub.5 to R.sub.9, which may be identical or different, represent hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, or aryl; and X represents a cation.

A light emitting device having an anode, a cathode, a first organic layer and a second organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode is provided. The first organic layer is a layer containing a light emitting material represented by the formula (T) and the second organic layer is a layer containing a crosslinked body of a polymer compound containing a crosslink constitutional unit wherein the variable groups are as defined in the specification: ##STR00001##

A charge transport material containing a charge transport polymer that satisfies at least one of (I) or (II) described below: (I) to independently have both a monovalent substituent having an alicyclic structure of 7 or more carbon atoms, and a monovalent substituent having a carbonyl-containing group; and (II) to have a monovalent substituent that includes a monovalent substituent having an alicyclic structure of 7 or more carbon atoms bonded directly to a carbonyl-containing group.

The present invention provides with an electron-accepting compound having a structure of the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

The present application relates to a polymer containing at least one structural unit of a formula (I). The polymer is suitable for use in an electronic device.

[Object] To provide a polymer material having excellent hole injection/transport performance, electron blocking capability, high heat resistance, and high stability in a thin-film state for use in a polymer organic EL device, and provide an organic EL device having a low drive voltage, high light emission efficiency, and a long lifetime using this polymer material.

[Solving Means] A compound according to the present invention is a high-molecular-weight compound having at least one substituted triarylamine structural unit represented by the following general formula (1), further including a structural unit having at least one aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a structural unit having a triarylamine skeleton in addition to the at least one substituted triarylamine structural unit, and having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or more and 1,000,000 or less in terms of polystyrene and no a crosslinker, characterized in that the high-molecular-weight compound is used in an organic EL device as a constituent material of at least one organic layer.

##STR00001##

Provided is a mixture which can be subjected to a Diels-Alder reaction, comprising polymer (I) and polymer (II), wherein the structures of the polymer (I) and the polymer (II) are as shown in (I), ##STR00001## wherein x1, y1, x2, y2, z1 and z2 are percentage molar contents; said x1 is >0, x2 is >0, y1 is >0, y2 is >0, z1 is ≥0, and z2 is ≥0; x1+y1+z1=1, and x2+y2+z2=1; Ar1, Ar2, Ar2-1, Ar3, Ar4 and Ar4-1 are each independently selected from: an aryl, or heteroaryl group containing 5-40 ring atoms; R1 and R2 are each independently a linking group; D is a conjugated diene functional group, and A is a dienophilic functional group; and n1 is greater than 0, and n2 is greater than 0. The mixture for a Diels-Alder reaction has a very good optical performance.

A method for reducing the level difference (iso-dense bias) (reverse bump) of a resist underlayer film formed on a semiconductor substrate having a stepped portion and a non-stepped portion by 5 nm or more, which comprises a step of applying the composition to an upper surface of the semiconductor substrate having a stepped portion and a non-stepped portion. A method for reducing the level difference (iso-dense bias) of a resist underlayer film, comprising the steps of adding a fluorine-containing surfactant to a resist underlayer film-forming composition containing a polymer and a solvent and applying the composition containing the fluorine-containing surfactant to an upper surface of a semiconductor substrate having a stepped portion and a non-stepped portion. The level difference of a resist underlayer film formed on a semiconductor substrate between a stepped portion and a non-stepped portion (i.e., reverse bump) is reduced by 5 nm or more.

The present specification provides a copolymer including a unit of Chemical Formula 1 and a unit of Chemical Formula 2; and an organic light emitting device including the same.

A copolymer having a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 is provided. The copolymer may improve performance, e.g., luminous efficiency, of an electroluminescence device.

##STR00001##

In Chemical Formula 1, the definition of each substituent is as described in the detailed description.