A secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution including at least one of sulfonyl compounds expressed by R(—S(═O).sub.2—Rf).sub.n, where R represents an n-valent hydrocarbon group including one or two or more aliphatic hydrocarbon rings, Rf includes one of a halogen group and a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

A film for a light emitting device which is useful for producing a light emitting device having excellent luminance life is described. The film contains a cross-linked body of a crosslinkable material having a crosslinking group in an amount of 0.015 mmol/g to 0.05 mmol/g. A light emitting device containing the film is also described. A method for analyzing a crosslinking group in a film for a light emitting device involves: (1) a step of swelling the above-described film for a light emitting device with a solvent, and (2) a step of measuring a crosslinking group of the swollen film for a light emitting device using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

A ladder tetrazine polymer is disclosed.

An electrophotographic device equipped with a negatively-charged laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor that can be charged by a scorotron charging method, and includes a conductive substrate, and a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer sequentially provided on the conductive substrate, wherein the charge generation layer contains a charge generation material and a resin binder that is a poly(vinyl butyral) resin binder, and the charge transport layer contains a charge transport material that is either or both of stilbene compounds represented by Formula (1) and Formula (2), a binder resin, and an oxidation inhibitor that is tribenzylamine represented by Formula 3, wherein the conductive substrate is cylindrical, the electrophotographic photoreceptor has a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of a surface potential in a circumferential direction, after exposure to ozone at an exposure dose of 100 ppm.Math.h, that is 12 V or less.

Disclosed herein are polymer embodiments comprising nanohoop-containing polymer backbones and methods of making and using the same. The disclosed polymer embodiments exhibit unique radial and linear conjugation and can be used in a variety of devices, such as electronic and/or optoelectronic devices.

An organic photovoltaic device comprising a quaternized tetrazine-based donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymer is disclosed.

Disclosed herein are semiconducting polymers of formula I and polymeric composite materials containing said polymer, where said polymer displays near-infrared afterglow luminescence. The polymers of formula I have the following structure:

##STR00001##

where n, m, o, p, A and R.sub.1 to R.sub.7 are as defined herein, and r is used to denote a random order to the repeating units.

An electrolytic capacitor includes an anode body, a dielectric layer disposed on the anode body, a solid electrolyte layer disposed on the dielectric layer, and a cathode lead-out layer disposed on the solid electrolyte layer. The solid electrolyte layer contains a first conductive polymer having a thiophene skeleton and a second conductive polymer having an aniline skeleton. In the solid electrolyte layer, a mass ratio of the second conductive polymer with respect to a total mass of the first conductive polymer and the second conductive polymer in a region close to the dielectric layer is greater than a mass ratio of the second conductive polymer with respect to a total mass of the first conductive polymer and the second conductive polymer in a region close to the cathode lead-out layer.

Provided is a supercapacitor comprising an anode, a cathode, an ion-permeable separator disposed between the anode and the cathode, and an electrolyte in ionic contact with the anode and the cathode, wherein at least one of the anode and the cathode contains multiple graphene sheets spaced by cellulosic nanofibers and has a specific surface area from 50 to 3,300 m.sup.2/g. Also provided is a process for producing an electrode for such a supercapacitor having a large electrode thickness, high active mass loading, high tap density, and exceptional energy density.

Disclosed are a thin film transistor includes a gate electrode, an active layer including a semiconductor material and a first elastomer, a gate insulator between the gate electrode and the active layer, and a source electrode and a drain electrode electrically connected to the active layer, wherein each of the semiconductor material and the first elastomer has a hydrogen bondable moiety, and the semiconductor material and the first elastomer are subjected to a dynamic intermolecular bonding by a hydrogen bond and a thin film transistor array and an electronic device including the same.