Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass a variety of polymers derived from polycyclic olefin monomers, such as hydrocarbon functionalized norbomenes. The polymers so formed function as ionomers and are suitable as anion exchange membrane for fabricating a variety of electrochemical devices, among others. More specifically, the ionomeric polymers used herein are derived from a variety of quaternized amino functionalized norbornene monomers and are lightly crosslinked (less than ten mol %). The membranes made therefrom exhibit very high ionic conductivity of up to 198 mS/cm at 80° C. This invention also relates to using an anion conducting solid polymer electrolyte as the ion conducting medium between the two electrodes and the ion conducting medium within the electrodes acting as the ionic conduit between electroactive material and electrolyte. The electrochemical devices made in accordance of this invention are useful as fuel cells, gas separators, and the like.

The invention provides for polyfluoreno[4,5-cde]oxepine conjugates and their use in methods of analyte detection.

A process for producing chromenes intended for the preparation of thermosetting resins, includes converting an aromatic propargyl ether of general formula (I) into a chromene by homogeneous catalysis with copper salts in anisole at a temperature between 100 and 170° C. Moreover, a process for preparing a material made of thermoset resin, includes successively a) carrying out the above process; b) polymerizing the reaction product obtained in a) so as to obtain the material made of thermoset resin; c) recovering the material made of thermoset resin obtained in b).

The invention relates to polymers having at least one repeating unit of the following formula (I): wherein Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, Ar.sup.3 and Ar.sup.4, R and X, and a, b, c, d, e and f can have the meanings defined in claim 1, to processes for the preparation thereof and to the use thereof in electronic or optoelectronic devices, in particular in organic electroluminescent devices, so-called OLEDs (OLED=Organic Light Emitting Diodes). The present invention also relates to electronic or optoelectronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, which contain said polymers.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising; components a) b) and d); wherein, component a) is a metal compound having the structure (I), component b) is a spin on high carbon polymer, having a polymer backbone comprising mono-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fused-ring ring hydrocarbon moieties, or mixtures of these, having a wt. % of carbon from about 81 wt. % to about 94 wt. %, which is soluble to at least about 5 wt. % in a spin casting solvent, and wherein at least one, of said mono-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon or said fused-ring ring hydrocarbon moieties, present in said spin on high carbon polymer, is functionalized with at least one alkynyloxy moiety of structure (VIII), and component d) is a spin casting solvent. The present invention further relates to using this composition in methods for manufacturing electronic devices through either the formation of a patterned films of high K material comprised of a metal oxide on a semiconductor substrate, or through the formation of patterned metal oxide comprised layer overlaying a semiconductor substrate which may be used to selectively etch the semiconductor substrate with a fluorine plasma. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a composition comprising; components a) b) and d); wherein, component a) is a metal compound having the structure (I), component b) is a spin on high carbon polymer, having a polymer backbone comprising mono-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fused-ring ring hydrocarbon moieties, or mixtures of these, having a wt. % of carbon from about 81 wt. % to about 94 wt. %, which is soluble to at least about 5 wt. % in a spin casting solvent, and wherein at least one, of said mono-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon or said fused-ring ring hydrocarbon moieties, present in said spin on high carbon polymer, is functionalized with at least one alkynyloxy moiety of structure (VIII), and component d) is a spin casting solvent. The present invention further relates to using this composition in methods for manufacturing electronic devices through either the formation of a patterned films of high K material comprised of a metal oxide on a semiconductor substrate, or through the formation of patterned metal oxide comprised layer overlaying a semiconductor substrate which may be used to selectively etch the semiconductor substrate with a fluorine plasma.

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The present invention relates to n-type conjugated polymers and blends, which is made from aromatic diketone with active methylene or an enolic transformation product thereof, and is obtained directly by polymerization reaction in the presence of an oxidant. The reaction described does not require precious metal catalysis and is insensitive to a reaction atmosphere. A process is simple and inexpensive and suitable for commercial applications. Meanwhile, the modulation of the conductivity of the n-type conjugated polymers can be achieved by ionic modification. The n-type conjugated polymers can be applied to an organic optoelectronic device to achieve an excellent photovoltaic effect.

A polymer having repeating units derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydroxy compounds represented by the formulas (1A) and (1B), wherein the repeating units are linked to each other by direct bonding between aromatic rings:

##STR00001##

wherein each R is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent, an aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent, an alkenyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent, an alkynyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent, a halogen atom, a thiol group, an amino group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a heterocyclic group, a carboxyl group, or a hydroxy group, at least one R is a group containing a hydroxy group, and each m is independently an integer of 1 to 10.

A process for manufacturing chromenes intended for the preparation of thermosetting resins, includes transforming an aromatic propargyl ether of general formula (I) into a chromene by homogeneous gold(I) catalysis with the catalyst (acetonitrile)[(2-biphenyl)di-tert-butylphosphine]gold(I) hexafluoroantimonate in an organic solvent under an inert or non-inert atmosphere. Moreover, a process for preparing a material made of thermoset resin, includes successively a) implementation of the above process; polymerization of the reaction product obtained in step a) so as to obtain the material made of thermoset resin; c) recovery of the material made of thermoset resin obtained in step b).

An anti-reflective hard mask comprises: (a) a terpolymer in the form of a hetero aromatic represented by chemical formula 1, or a terpolymer blend comprising same; and (b) an organic solvent.

##STR00001## wherein in the above Formula, X represents an oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atom, and n is 0 or 1, and Z group, as a monomer of the terpolymer, is a C6 to C40 aryl group and a heteroaryl group capable of forming a copolymer with the heteroaromatic monomer and a fluorenone derivative monomer, includes an ether bond or an amino bond, and R1 and R2 are hydrogen or a hydroxyl group, and are the same as or different from each other