The present invention relates to a conductive polymer material of poly(thio- or seleno-)phene type containing at least two distinct species of counteranion, including a first species which is an anionic form of sulphuric acid, and a second species of counteranion selected from triflate, triflimidate, tosylate, mesylate, perchlorate and hexafluorophosphate. The invention also relates to a process for preparing such a material and the use thereof as conductive film. The invention also targets a substrate coated at least partly by a film of a material as defined above, a device comprising a material as defined above as conductive material, and also the use thereof in the organic electronics, organic thermoelectricity, organic photovoltaic and organic photodetector fields.

An organic semiconducting donor-acceptor (D-A) small molecule, as well as a semiconductor device that can incorporate the D-A small molecule, are disclosed. The D-A small molecule can have electron deficient substituents and R group substituents that can be C.sub.1-C.sub.20 linear alkyl chains, C.sub.2-C.sub.24 branched alkyl chains, hydrogen atoms, etc. The D-A small molecule can be can be synthesized in a reaction between a dithienofuran (DTF) core monomer and an electron deficient monomer. Additionally, the D-A small molecule can be part of an organic semiconducting copolymer. A semiconductor device that can incorporate the D-A small molecule in a photoactive layer is also disclosed herein. Additionally, 3,4-dibrominated furan compound that can, in some embodiments, be a precursor for the D-A small molecule is disclosed. The 3,4-dibrominated furan compound can be synthesized in a reaction involving a furan-2,5-dicarboxylic dimethyl ester (FDME), which can have a bio-renewable precursor.

The invention provides for polyfluoreno[4,5-cde]oxepine conjugates and their use in methods of analyte detection.

An organic semiconducting donor-acceptor (D-A) small molecule, as well as a semiconductor device that can incorporate the D-A small molecule, are disclosed. The D-A small molecule can have electron deficient substituents and R group substituents that can be C.sub.1-C.sub.20 linear alkyl chains, C.sub.2-C.sub.24 branched alkyl chains, hydrogen atoms, etc. The D-A small molecule can be can be synthesized in a reaction between a dithienofuran (DTF) core monomer and an electron deficient monomer. Additionally, the D-A small molecule can be part of an organic semiconducting copolymer. A semiconductor device that can incorporate the D-A small molecule in a photoactive layer is also disclosed herein. Additionally, 3,4-dibrominated furan compound that can, in some embodiments, be a precursor for the D-A small molecule is disclosed. The 3,4-dibrominated furan compound can be synthesized in a reaction involving a furan-2,5-dicarboxylic dimethyl ester (FDME), which can have a bio-renewable precursor.

The present invention provides a macromolecular compound by which the short-circuit current density and the photoelectric conversion efficiency are enhanced when the macromolecular compound is used in an organic layer contained in a photovoltaic cell. Specifically, the present invention provides a macromolecular compound having a structural unit represented by Formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are the same as or different from each other and represent a trivalent heterocyclic group; X.sup.1 represents O, S, C(?O), S(?O), SO.sub.2, Si(R.sup.3)(R.sup.4), N(R.sup.5), B(R.sup.6), P(R.sup.7), or P(?O)(R.sup.8); and R.sup.51 represents an alkyl group having 6 or more carbon atoms, an alkyloxy group having 6 or more carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 6 or more carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 or more carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 or more carbon atoms, an arylthio group having 6 or more carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having 7 or more carbon atoms, an arylalkyloxy group having 7 or more carbon atoms, an arylalkylthio group having 7 or more carbon atoms, an acyl group having 6 or more carbon atoms, or an acyloxy group having 6 or more carbon atoms.

An object is to provide an organic photoelectric conversion element having high durability. The present invention provides an organic photoelectric conversion element having an active layer between a cathode and an anode, characterized in that, the organic photoelectric conversion element includes a layer including a cured product obtained by curing a thermosetting resin composition between the anode and the active layer, and a transmittance of light with a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm is 10% or higher. The present invention provides the organic photoelectric conversion element in which the thermosetting resin composition includes one or more selected from the group consisting of polythiophene and derivatives thereof and a polymer compound including a repeating unit having an aromatic amine residue.

A photovoltaic element includes at least a cathode, a photoelectric conversion layer, a hole extraction layer, and an anode in this order, the hole extraction layer containing a hole transporting material and a compound represented by formula (1) or (2):

##STR00001##

wherein, in formula (1), R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 8 to 14 carbon atoms or an alkanoyl group having 8 to 14 carbon atoms, and n represents a natural number of 1 to 9; and in formula (2), R.sup.2 represents an alkenyl group, and m represents a natural number.

An object of the invention is to provide an organic semiconductor element having high mobility and excellent temporal stability under high humidity, and a manufacturing method thereof. Another object is to provide a novel compound suitable for an organic semiconductor. Still another object is to provide an organic semiconductor film having high mobility and excellent temporal stability under high humidity and a composition for forming an organic semiconductor film that can suitably form the organic semiconductor film. The organic semiconductor element according to the invention includes an organic semiconductor layer containing an organic semiconductor having a repeating unit represented by Formula 1. ##STR00001##

The present embodiment provides a material for forming an underlayer film for lithography, containing at least any of a compound represented by following formula (1) or a resin including a structural unit derived from a compound represented by the following formula (1),

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents a 2n-valent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, or a single bond, each R.sup.2 independently represents a halogen atom, a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group, a hydroxyl group, or a group where a hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl group is substituted with an acid-dissociable group, and may be the same or different in the same naphthalene ring or benzene ring, in which at least one R.sup.2 represents a group where a hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl group is substituted with an acid-dissociable group, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and structural formulae of n structural units in square brackets [ ] may be the same or different when n is an integer of 2 or more, X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or an uncrosslinked state, each m.sup.2 is independently an integer of 0 to 7, provided that at least one m.sup.2 is an integer of 1 to 7, and each q is independently 0 or 1.

Provided are an organic semiconductor element including an organic semiconductor film that includes a polymer having a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (1), the polymer, and an organic semiconductor composition and an organic semiconductor film including the polymer.

##STR00001##

In the formula, Z represent a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle. R.sup.C1 and R.sup.C2 each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group. n.sup.1 and n.sup.2 each independently represent 0 or 1. R.sup.C3 to R.sup.C10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group.