The invention provides for new polymer compounds and methods for the preparation of modular narrow band gap conjugated compounds and polymers that incorporate exocyclic cross-conjugated donors or substituents, as well as novel monomer components of such polymers and the resulting products which comprise materials and useful electronic devices with novel functionality.

Polymers containing a repeating unit of the formula [ArYAr] (V), and compounds of formula R.sup.10ArYArR.sup.10 (I), where Y is a group of formula

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and organic devices containing the polymers. The polymers and compounds have excellent solubility in organic solvents and excellent film-forming properties. In addition, high efficiency of energy conversion, excellent field-effect mobility, good on/off current ratios and/or excellent stability can be observed, when the polymers and compounds are used in organic field effect transistors, organic photovoltaics and photodiodes.

An object of the invention is to provide an organic semiconductor element having high mobility and excellent temporal stability under high humidity, and a manufacturing method thereof. Another object is to provide a novel compound suitable for an organic semiconductor. Still another object is to provide an organic semiconductor film having high mobility and excellent temporal stability under high humidity and a composition for forming an organic semiconductor film that can suitably form the organic semiconductor film. The organic semiconductor element according to the invention includes an organic semiconductor layer containing an organic semiconductor having a repeating unit represented by Formula 1. ##STR00001##

Provided are an organic semiconductor element including an organic semiconductor film that includes a polymer having a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (1), the polymer, and an organic semiconductor composition and an organic semiconductor film including the polymer.

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In the formula, Z represent a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle. R.sup.C1 and R.sup.C2 each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group. n.sup.1 and n.sup.2 each independently represent 0 or 1. R.sup.C3 to R.sup.C10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group.

An asymmetric benzotrichalcogenophene compound and a polymer are provided. The asymmetric benzotrichalcogenophene compound is a heterocyclic compound having furan, thiophene, selenophene and/or tellurophene subunits. The polymer has an asymmetric benzotrichalcogenophene subunit and can be formed by polymerizing the asymmetric benzotrichalcogenophene compound and an electron-accepting compound. The polymer may be used as a semiconductor active layer material in an organic field effect transistor or a heterogeneous interface material of an organic solar cell.

Water-soluble, conjugated polymers containing one or more dibenzosilole monomer residues, as well as compositions, kits, and methods of making and using such polymers are disclosed. Also disclosed are dibenzosilole derivatives substituted with one or more water-solubilizing groups, and methods of making and using such derivatives to prepare water-soluble dibenzosilole polymers.

A synthesis method of benzotrichalcogenophene (BTC) includes using a tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4) catalyst and a [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]chloro[3-phenylallyl]palladium(II) (Pd-IPr) catalyst. The asymmetric benzotrichalcogenophene compound is a heterocyclic compound having furan, thiophene, selenophene and/or tellurophene subunits.

Water-soluble, conjugated polymers containing one or more dibenzosilole monomer residues, as well as compositions, kits, and methods of making and using such polymers are disclosed. Also disclosed are dibenzosilole derivatives substituted with one or more water-solubilizing groups, and methods of making and using such derivatives to prepare water-soluble dibenzosilole polymers.

An object of the present invention is to provide an organic semiconductor composition that may form an organic thin film transistor having excellent hysteresis characteristics while high carrier mobility is maintained. Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic semiconductor film, an organic thin film transistor, and a method of manufacturing an organic thin film transistor. An organic semiconductor composition according to the present invention includes: a compound X having a molecular weight of 2,000 or greater and having a repeating unit represented by Formula (1); and a low molecular weight compound Y represented by Formula (2).

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A synthesis method of benzotrichalcogenophene (BTC) includes using a tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4) catalyst and a [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]chloro[3-phenylallyl]palladium(II) (PdIPr) catalyst. The asymmetric benzotrichalcogenophene compound is a heterocyclic compound having furan, thiophene, selenophene and/or tellurophene subunits.