A method of forming a crosslinked polymer comprising the step of reacting a crosslinkable group in the presence of a polymer, wherein:

the crosslinkable group comprises a core unit substituted with at least one crosslinkable unit of formula (I):

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the crosslinkable group is bound to the polymer or is a crosslinkable compound mixed with the polymer;

Ar is aryl or heteroaryl which may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from monovalent substituents and a divalent linking group linking the unit of formula (I) to the core unit; and

R is independently in each occurrence H, a monovalent substituent or a divalent linking group linking the unit of formula (I) to the core unit, with the proviso that at least one R is not H.

Methods of metal-catalyzed polymerization are described using a metal catalyst of formula (III): wherein R.sup.3 in each occurrence is independently selected from C.sub.1-10alkyl and aryl that may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents; y is 0 or 2; and Z.sup. is an anion. Methods described include Buchwald-type and Suzuki-type polymerization.

Polyether ketone compounds obtained by reacting a compound represented by formula (1):

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wherein R.sup.1, X.sup.D, Y.sup.Dc, and n.sup.Dc are defined herein, with a compound represented by formula (2):

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wherein X.sup.e, Y.sup.e, Z.sup.e, and n.sup.e are defined herein, exhibit high thermal resistance.

The invention relates to novel polymers containing one or more 3,7-dialkyl-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene repeating units, methods for their preparation and monomers used therein, blends, mixtures and formulations containing them, the use of the polymers, blends, mixtures and formulations as semiconductor in organic electronic (OE) devices, especially in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, and to OE and OPV devices comprising these polymers, blends, mixtures or formulations.

A method of forming a crosslinked polymer comprising the step of reacting a crosslinkable group in the presence of a polymer, wherein: the crosslinkable group comprises a core unit substituted with at least one crosslinkable unit of formula (I): the crosslinkable group is bound to the polymer or is a crosslinkable compound mixed with the polymer; Ar is aryl or heteroaryl which may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from monovalent substituents and a divalent linking group linking the unit of formula (I) to the core unit; and R is independently in each occurrence H, a monovalent substituent or a divalent linking group linking the unit of formula (I) to the core unit, with the proviso that at least one R is not H. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to nanoparticle compositions and, in particular, to composite polymeric nanoparticle compositions. A composite nanoparticle described herein comprises a photoluminescent polymeric component and a photo-thermal polymeric component. The photoluminescent polymeric component and the photo-thermal polymeric component can each comprise a single polymeric species or multiple polymeric species.

The invention relates to novel conjugated polymers comprising in their backbone one or more divalent donor units, like for example benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene-2,6-diyl (BDT), that are linked on both sides to an acceptor unit, to methods of preparing the polymers and educts or intermediates used in such preparation, to polymer blends, mixtures and formulations containing the polymers, to the use of the polymers, polymer blends, mixtures and formulations as semiconductors organic electronic (OE) devices, especially in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and organic photodetectors (OPD), and to OE, OPV and OPD devices comprising these polymers, polymer blends, mixtures or formulations.

A polymer comprises repeating units represented by formula (I): -M-R-Y- formula (I), wherein in the formula (I), M is selected from substituted or unsubstituted anilino, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted acridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenothiazinyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenoxazinyl; R is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl; and Y is selected from carboxyl or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, or a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof.

This application relates to an electroluminescent polymer based on phenanthroimidazole units and its preparation and use. The electroluminescent polymer based on phenanthroimidazole units has a structure as shown in the formula (I), and the side chain thereof contains phenanthroimidazole units. The electroluminescent polymer (1) has the properties of hybridized local and charge-transfer states; (2) the phenanthroimidazole unit has a large degree of conjugation and a strong rigidity; and (3) the raw materials of the polymer are cheap, the synthetic route is simple, and purification is convenient. The polymer has a good solubility, and can be used to prepare large-area flexible display devices by means of a solution processing technology. The polymer has great development potential and prospects in the field of organic electronic display. ##STR00001##