The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes

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where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 include at least one of a hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, and/or an alkyl group, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 include at least one of hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, and/or a ketone, and 1n2000.

A crosslinked rubber is a member for use in an environment at 10 C. or less produced by crosslinking a polymer composition containing 20 to 200 parts by weight of carbon black with respect to 100 parts by weight of a rubber component containing a monocyclic olefin ring-opening polymer having a proportion of cis bond of a structural unit derived from a monocyclic olefin of 45 to 95%.

A liquid cyclopentene ring-opened polymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1,000 to 50,000 and a cis double content of 55% or more in repeating units.

A cyclopentene ring-opening copolymer having a branch structure contains a structure in which at least four cyclopentene ring-opening polymer chains are linked via a branch-structural unit. At least part of the cyclopentene ring-opening polymer chains is terminally modified.

A liquid cyclopentene ring-opened copolymer includes a monomer unit derived from cyclopentene and a monomer unit derived from a norbornene compound, the monomer unit derived from cyclopentene being present in an amount of 60 to 95 wt %, the liquid cyclopentene ring-opened copolymer having a hydroxyl group-terminated copolymer chain and having a melt viscosity at 25 C. of less than 500 Pa.Math.s, which is measured using a B-type viscometer.

A polypentenamer-silica composite can include a surface-modified silica compound and a polypentenamer chain grafted onto the surface-modified silica compound. The polypentenamer has physical properties similar to natural rubber. The polypentenamer-silica composite is recyclable. As such, the polypentenamer-silica composite can be used for manufacturing recyclable tires.

The present disclosure provides processes to convert heavy hydrocarbons to light distillates. The present disclosure further provides compositions including light distillates. In an embodiment, a process for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed includes dehydrogenating a C.sub.3-C.sub.50 cyclic alkane and an C.sub.2-C.sub.50 acyclic alkane in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.50 cyclic olefin and a C.sub.2-C.sub.50 acyclic olefin. The process includes reacting the C.sub.3-C.sub.50 cyclic olefin and the C.sub.2-C.sub.50 acyclic olefin in the presence of a group 6 or group 8 transition metal catalysts to form a C.sub.5-C.sub.200 olefin. The process further includes hydrogenating the C.sub.5-C.sub.200 olefin in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to form a C.sub.5-C.sub.200 hydrogenated product. Processes of the present disclosure may further include hydroisomerizing the C.sub.5-C.sub.200 hydrogenated product in the presence of a hydroisomerization catalyst to form a C.sub.5-C.sub.200 hydroisomerized product.

Provided are polystyrene sulfonate analogs and methods of making polystyrene sulfonate analogs. The polystyrene sulfonate analogs may be formed by a ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The ROMP may provide analogs having a precise periodicity. The polystyrene sulfonate analogs may have a relatively low glass transition temperature.

This invention relates to methods and compositions for preparing linear and cyclic polyolefins. More particularly, the invention relates to methods and compositions for preparing functionalized linear and cyclic polyolefins via olefin metathesis reactions. Polymer products produced via the olefin metathesis reactions of the invention may be utilized for a wide range of materials applications. The invention has utility in the fields of polymer and materials chemistry and manufacture.

A process to form a cyclic olefin polymerization catalyst which includes contacting a metal alkoxide with a transition metal halide to form a transition metal precatalyst, and contacting the transition metal precatalyst with a metal alkyl activator to form the activated catalyst comprising a transition metal carbene moiety. A cyclic olefin polymerization process is also disclosed.