A microfluidic movement control method utilizing light, a device, and a microtubule actuator (2). The microtubule actuator (2) is prepared by utilizing a light-induced deformed smart polymer material. The smart polymer material forms, by an exciting beam, asymmetrical deformation, and is induced to produce a capillary action to drive a microfluid movement. The embodiment can drive microfluids having various polarities and compositions, and can drive creep of the microfluid, and can even drive the microfluid to generate a 3D movement trail. The embodiment has found a wide range of potential applications in controllable microfluidic transport, micro-reaction systems, micro-mechanic systems, IC laboratories, and others.

Disclosed are new polymeric materials that respond to a mechanical force. The novel polymeric compounds contain an isomer of aziridine, a three-membered N-heterocyclic compound. Also disclosed are methods for preparing the polymeric compounds. Mechanical force-induced cycloaddition of aziridines as mechanophores yields stereospecific products without covalent bond cleavage of aziridines. That is, a mechanical force makes the mechanochemical products stereospecific. The stereospecific products prepared from the isomeric mechanophores by a mechanical force can be widely used in various industrial fields, including new materials.

Chemically inert, mechanically tough, cationic metallo-polyelectrolytes designed as durable anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cobaltocenium-containing cyclooctene with triazole as the only linker group, followed by backbone hydrogenation to provide a new class of AEMs with a polyethylene-like framework and alkaline-stable cobaltocenium cation for ion transport, which exhibit excellent thermal, chemical and mechanical stability, as well as high ion conductivity.

The invention provides: imidazole and imidazolium compounds of formulas (I) and (II):

##STR00001##

polymers containing a plurality of imidazolium-containing repeating units of formula (III′):

##STR00002##

and membranes and devices comprising the polymers. Also provided are methods of making the inventive compounds and polymers.

A monomer capable forming a polymer through ring-opening metathesis polymerization and capable of depolymerization thereafter through ring-closing metathesis, wherein the monomer comprises a cycloalkene having a fused ring attached thereto which decreases the ring strain energy to 5.3 kcal/mol or lower as compared to the same cycloalkene without a fused ring having a ring strain energy above 5.3 kcal/mol.

Disclosed are new polymeric materials that respond to a mechanical force. The novel polymeric compounds contain an isomer of aziridine, a three-membered N-heterocyclic compound. Also disclosed are methods for preparing the polymeric compounds. Mechanical force-induced cycloaddition of aziridines as mechanophores yields stereospecific products without covalent bond cleavage of aziridines. That is, a mechanical force makes the mechanochemical products stereospecific. The stereospecific products prepared from the isomeric mechanophores by a mechanical force can be widely used in various industrial fields, including new materials.

Described herein are compositions having an eight-membered monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon, methods and system to separate the eight-membered monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon at from a hydrocarbon mixture including additional nonlinear unsaturated C.sub.8H.sub.2m hydrocarbons with 4≤m≤8, by contacting the hydrocarbon mixture with a 10-ring pore molecular sieve having a sieving channel with a 10-ring sieving aperture with a minimum crystallographic free diameter greater than 3 Å and a ratio of the maximum crystallographic free diameter to the minimum crystallographic free diameter between 1 and 2, the molecular sieve having a T1/T2 ratio ≥20:1 wherein T1 is an element independently selected from Si and Ge, and T2 is an element independently selected from Al, B and Ga, the 10-ring pore molecular sieve further having a counterion selected from NH.sub.4.sup.+, Li.sup.+, Na.sup.+, K.sup.+ and Ca.sup.++.

Described herein are compositions and methods for generating dental products or orthodontic products. The compositions and methods comprise latent ruthenium complexes and photoacids and/or photoacid generators.

A rubber composition containing: a solid rubber (A) having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 100,000 or more; and a liquid monocyclic olefin ring-opened polymer (B) having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 1,000 to 50,000, wherein a proportion of the liquid monocyclic olefin ring-opened polymer (B) is 1 to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the solid rubber (A).

Chemically inert, mechanically tough, cationic metallo-polyelectrolytes designed as durable anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cobaltocenium-containing cyclooctene with triazole as the only linker group, followed by backbone hydrogenation to provide a new class of AEMs with a polyethylene-like framework and alkaline-stable cobaltocenium cation for ion transport, which exhibit excellent thermal, chemical and mechanical stability, as well as high ion conductivity.