The present invention provides a metal-oxo complex represented by the following general formula (1),

##STR00001## wherein in the general formula (1) above, “M” represents a molybdenum atom or a tungsten atom; “A” represents a carbon atom, a silicon atom, a germanium atom, a tin atom or a lead atom; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each independently represent a halogen atom; R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched chain alkyl group that is substituted or unsubstituted and has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 may be bonded to one another to form a ring.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass a composition containing a latent catalyst and a compound capable of generating a Bronsted acid with a counterion capable of coordinating and activating the latent catalyst along with one or more monomers which undergo ring open metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and one or more multi-functional crosslinkable molecules when said composition is exposed to a suitable radiation forms a three-dimensional (3D) object. The catalyst system employed therein can be sensitive to oxygen and thus inhibits polymerization in ambient atmospheric conditions. The three-dimensional objects made by this process exhibits improved mechanical properties, particularly, high distortion temperature, impact strength, elongation to break, among others. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful as 3D inkjet materials for forming high impact strength objects of various sizes with microscale features lower than 100 microns, among various other uses.

An allyl-containing resin is provided. The allyl-containing resin comprises a repeating unit comprising a structural unit represented by the following formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 in formula (I) are as defined in the specification; the Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the allyl-containing resin has a signal intensity “a” from 1650 cm.sup.−1 to 1630 cm.sup.−1 and a signal intensity “b” from 1620 cm.sup.−1 to 1560 cm.sup.−1, and 0<a/b≤1.20; and the quantitative .sup.1H-NMR spectrum of the allyl-containing resin has a signal intensity “c” from 3.2 ppm to 6.2 ppm and a signal intensity “d” from 6.6 ppm to 7.4 ppm, and 0<c/d≤1.20.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a nanohoop-functionalized polymer and methods of making and using the same. In particular embodiments, polymer comprises one or more nanohoops that extend from the polymer backbone. Also disclosed herein are polymerizable nanohoop monomer embodiments that can be used to make the polymer embodiments disclosed herein.

A cyclic olefin polymer, a cyclic olefin polymer monomer, and an optical product using the foregoing cyclic olefin polymer are provided.

##STR00001##

The cyclic olefin polymer includes a repeat unit shown in Formula (1) and/or a repeat unit shown in Formula (2). In Formula (1), 0≤p, and q≤6; x≥0, and y≥0; 0≤p.sub.1, q.sub.1≤6, and p.sub.1 and q.sub.1 are not 0 at the same time; R.sub.1 to R.sub.12, R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.c, R.sub.d, R.sub.13, R.sub.14, R.sub.15, and R.sub.16 are separately and independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxy group, an ester group, a cyano group, an amino group, a thiol group, and an atom or an atomic group that can replace the foregoing group; and any two, three, or four of R.sub.13, R.sub.14, R.sub.15, and R.sub.16 may be connected to form a cyclic structure.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass a composition containing a latent catalyst and a compound capable of generating a Bronsted acid with a counterion capable of coordinating and activating the latent catalyst along with one or more monomers which undergo ring open metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and one or more multi-functional crosslinkable molecules when said composition is exposed to a suitable radiation forms a three-dimensional (3D) object. The catalyst system employed therein can be sensitive to oxygen and thus inhibits polymerization in ambient atmospheric conditions. The three-dimensional objects made by this process exhibits improved mechanical properties, particularly, high distortion temperature, impact strength, elongation to break, among others. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful as 3D inkjet materials for forming high impact strength objects of various sizes with microscale features lower than 100 microns, among various other uses.

A frontally polymerized polymeric body includes, according to a first embodiment, a deformable polymer comprising polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) and/or poly(5-ethylidene-2-norbornene) (pENB), where the deformable polymer has a fracture strain of at least about 0.5 mm mm.sup.−1. According to a second embodiment, the frontally polymerized polymeric body includes a first polymer comprising pDCPD and/or pENB, and a second polymer adjacent to the first polymer also comprising the pDCPD and/or the pENB. The second polymer is more or less deformable than the first polymer. Thus, the frontally polymerized polymeric body exhibits spatially varying mechanical and/or other properties.

Disclosed is a hydrogenated norbornene ring-opened polymer, wherein a proportion of a norbornene-derived repeating unit is 90% by mass or more, a meso diad fraction of the norbornene-derived repeating unit is 80% or more, and in an X-ray diffraction pattern measured at 25° C. using a CuKα radiation source, an X-ray diffraction peak is observed which has a peak top positioned in a diffraction angle (2θ) range of 17° or more and 18° or less.

Provided is a hydrogenated product of a cyclic polymer including a cyclic chain that includes a repeating unit of a ring-opened cycloolefin.

Methods of preparing oligomers including heating a mixture of an amount of a functionalized cycloalkene, an amount of a chain transfer agent, a phosphite ester, and a catalyst, a degree of polymerization of the oligomers controllable by a molar ratio of the amount of the functionalized cycloalkene to the amount of the chain transfer agent, are provided herein. Methods of preparing polymers including heating the oligomers and a second amount of the functionalized cycloalkene, a phosphite ester, and a catalyst are further provided. Compositions of oligomers and functionalized cycloalkenes are further provided.