This invention is directed to separation, optimization and purification of nano-materials using self-assembled perylene diimide membranes, wherein said perylene diimide membrane is recyclable.

Provided are: a macromolecular compound for providing an organic semiconductor material exhibiting excellent conversion efficiency; a starting-material compound having high material design freedom; and methods for producing the same.

The macromolecular compound according to the present invention comprising a benzobisthiazole structural unit represented by the formula (1):

##STR00001## [in the formula (1), T.sup.1 and T.sup.2 each independently represent an alkoxy group, a thioalkoxy group, a thiophene ring optionally substituted by a hydrocarbon group or an organosilyl group, a thiazole ring optionally substituted by a hydrocarbon group or an organosilyl group, or a phenyl group optionally substituted by a hydrocarbon group, an alkoxy group, a thioalkoxy group, an organosilyl group, a halogen atom or a trifluoromethyl group; and B.sup.1 and B.sup.2 each represent a thiophene ring optionally substituted by a hydrocarbon group, a thiazole ring optionally substituted by a hydrocarbon group, or an ethynylene group].

The present disclosure provides novel poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) compounds, methods for synthesizing these compounds, and materials and substances incorporating these compounds. The various PPEs show antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity.

The present invention relates to a methoxyaryl surface modifier. In addition the present invention also relates to organic electronic devices comprising such methoxyaryl surface modifier.

Photo-activated polymers and co-polymers exhibit colors in the visible spectrum when photo-activated. The photo-active polymers, co-polymers and combinations thereof may be utilized in articles to impart color to the articles. For example, the photo-active polymers may be utilized in printing technology, such as in 2D printing and/or in 3D-printing methods to impart colors to articles.

Various embodiments relate to p-phenylene ethynylene compounds as bioactive and detection agents. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of inducing germination of microbial spores including contacting the microbial spores with a p-phenylene ethynylene compound. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method for detecting an enzyme, a method of protein analysis, or a method of detecting a chemical agent, including introducing a p-phenylene ethylylene compound to a composition including an enzyme substrate, and analyzing the fluorescence of the p-phenylene ethynylene compound. Various embodiments provide sensors that include a p-phenylene ethynylene compound and an enzyme substrate.