A method for preparing granular polycarbonate particles is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a method for preparing granulated polycarbonate particles includes mixing a polymerization reaction solution comprising polycarbonate and an organic solvent, and an anti-solvent solution comprising water and an anti-solvent to prepare a mixed solution, heating the mixed solution to remove the organic solvent, and drying or filtering the mixed solution to obtain granular polycarbonate particles. The granular polycarbonate particles having excellent physical properties without using a stabilizer or a surfactant can be obtain.

The present invention provides an ionic liquid represented by the following chemical formula, [(CH.sub.3).sub.3N(CH.sub.2).sub.2OH].sup.+[NH.sub.2(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH(NH.sub.2)COO].sup.. The present invention provides an ionic liquid capable of dissolving cellulose within twenty-four hours.

The present invention provides for a process for producing dry, water-dispersible, non-surface modified nanocellulose particles or a powderous composition r comprising said particles comprising the steps of: i. providing a first suspension of non-surface modified cellulose particles in an first aqueous liquid, which aqueous liquid is non-solubilizing for the non-surface modified nanocellulose particles, ii. exchanging substantially all of the first aqueous liquid of the first suspension for a second solvent, which is miscible with the first aqueous liquid and non-solubilizing for the non-surface modified nanocellulose particles, to form a second suspension of non-surface modified nanocellulose particles in said second solvent, iii. contacting a flow of the second suspension of non-surface modified nanocellulose particles with a flow of a fluid in a supercritical or critical state, which fluid in a supercritical or critical state is miscible with the second solvent and non-solvating for the non-surface modified nanocellulose particles under conditions suitable for the transfer of substantially all of the second solvent into the supercritical fluid, iv. removing the second solvent and the fluid in a supercritical or critical state, preferably by controlling pressure and/or temperature, to form the dry, water-dispersible nanocellulose particles, v. collecting the dry, water-dispersible, non-surface modified nanocellulose particles and/or forming the powderous composition comprising said particles.

The present invention provides an ionic liquid represented by the following chemical formula (I):

[(CH.sub.3).sub.3N(CH.sub.2).sub.2OH].sup.+[NH.sub.2-L-COO].sup.(I) where L is (CH.sub.2).sub.2 or (CH.sub.2).sub.3.

The present invention also provides an ionic liquid composition containing an ionic liquid; and water. The ionic liquid is represented by the above chemical formula (I). A molar ratio of [(CH.sub.3).sub.3N(CH.sub.2).sub.2OH].sup.+ to [NH.sub.2-L-COO].sup. is not less than 0.86 and not more than 1.12. A weight ratio of the water to the ionic liquid composition is not more than 4.7%. The present invention provides an ionic liquid capable of dissolving cellulose without an cellulose-degrading enzyme (namely, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing cellulose).

The present invention provides an ionic liquid composition containing an ionic liquid and water. The ionic liquid composition does not contain an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing cellulose. The ionic liquid is represented by the following chemical formula (I): [(CH.sub.3).sub.3N(CH.sub.2).sub.2OH].sup.+[NH.sub.2-L-CHNH.sub.2COO].sup. (I); where L is absent or a linker. A molar ratio of [(CH.sub.3).sub.3N(CH.sub.2).sub.2OH].sup.+ to [NH.sub.2-L-CHNH.sub.2COO].sup. is not less than 0.87 and not more than 1.14. A weight ratio of the water to the ionic liquid composition is not more than 7.3%. The present invention provides an ionic liquid composition capable of dissolving cellulose without a cellulose-degrading enzyme, namely, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing cellulose.

The invention relates to a solvent composition containing a mixture of at least one molecule having at least one sulphoxide function and at least one molecule having at least one amide function wherein the nitrogen atom supports a hydrogen atom. The invention also relates to the use of the solvent composition in order to stabilise polymer solutions. The invention also relates to a polymer solution containing the solvent composition and to a filtering membrane and an artificial leather obtained from the polymer solution.

Provided are a binder composition for a secondary battery electrode that enables favorable dispersion of a conductive material when used in production of a slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode, and a slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode in which a conductive material is favorably dispersed. The binder composition for a secondary battery electrode contains a solvent and a copolymer including an alkylene structural unit and a nitrile group-containing monomer unit. The copolymer has a Mooney viscosity (ML.sub.1+4, 100? C.) of 40 or less. The slurry composition for a secondary battery electrode contains an electrode active material, a conductive material, the aforementioned binder composition for a secondary battery electrode, and a polymer other than the aforementioned copolymer.

To provide a method of manufacturing polyarylene sulfide (PAS) while efficiently recovering an organic amide solvent at a low energy cost, without using an organic solvent, from washing wastewater produced by washing a raw material mixture containing PAS and an organic amide solvent using a solvent containing water; a method of manufacturing PAS by reducing the amount of water supplied when washing the raw material mixture using a solvent containing water; and PAS manufactured by these methods.

A method according to the present invention includes: a step of mixing a solvent containing water and a raw material mixture that contains PAS and an organic amide solvent, and then washing the PAS; a step of obtaining a separated liquid by solid-liquid separation; and a step of separating the separated liquid into distilled vapor having a smaller amount of the organic amide solvent and a recovered liquid having a larger amount of the organic amide solvent by heating, where the heating is performed utilizing an increase in temperature based on compressing the distilled vapor and/or compressing a heat medium heat-exchanged with the distilled vapor.

The present invention provides a process for preparing a cellulose solution. NMMO with a relatively low concentration and non-activated pulp are continuously mixed online, the mixed premix is dewatered in evaporation dewatering equipment until an NMMO concentration suitable for swelling is achieved, then, sufficient swelling is carried out under this condition, and the uniformly-mixed and sufficiently swelled pre-swelling solution is subjected to depressurized evaporation dewatering and dissolving by thin-film-evaporation equipment thereby obtaining a high-concentration, uniformly-dissolved and excellently-uniformity cellulose solution. The present invention further provides continuous preparation equipment for the process for preparing a cellulose solution. According to the present invention, the conflict between uniform mixing and sufficient swelling during the preparation of a high-concentration cellulose solution is solved, and problems in storage and transportation safety caused by using high concentration NMMO in the conventional technologies are prevented.

The present invention provides an ionic liquid represented by the following chemical formula, [(CH.sub.3).sub.3N(CH.sub.2).sub.2OH].sup.+[NH.sub.2(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH(NH.sub.2)COO].sup.. The present invention provides an ionic liquid capable of dissolving cellulose within twenty-four hours.