The present disclosure relates to a conjugated polyelectrolyte-grafted membrane, which is obtained by fixing a conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) capable of generating active oxygen under visible light irradiation to a membrane through crosslinking, and can remove contaminants in water, while reducing bio-fouling on the surface of the membrane, by generating active oxygen through a photocatalytic reaction of the conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE), as well as to a method for manufacturing the same. The method for manufacturing a conjugated polyelectrolyte-grafted membrane includes the steps of: preparing a conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE); coating a conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) on the surface of a membrane; and carrying out crosslinking of the conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) with the surface of the membrane.

Disclosed are a copolymer, porous membranes made from the copolymer, and a method of treating fluids using the porous membranes to remove metal ions, for example, from fluids originating in the microelectronics industry, wherein the copolymer includes polymerized monomeric units I and II, wherein monomeric unit I is of the formula A-XCH.sub.2B, wherein A is Rf(CH.sub.2)n, Rf is a perfluoro alkyl group of the formula CF.sub.3(CF.sub.2).sub.x, wherein x is 3-12, n is 1-6, X is O or S, and B is vinylphenyl, the monomeric unit II is haloalkyl styrene, and optionally wherein the halo group of haloalkyl is replaced with an optional substituent, for example, ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, or iminodisuccinic acid.

[Problem to be solved] To provide an ion exchange membrane, a method for producing an ion exchange membrane, and an electrolyzer that enable a reduction in electrolytic voltage when subjected to electrolysis.

[Solution] An ion exchange membrane including:

a membrane main body including a fluorine-containing polymer having an ion exchange group; and

a coating layer arranged on at least one face of the membrane main body;

wherein the coating layer includes inorganic particles and a binder,

a mass ratio of the binder to the total mass of the inorganic particles and the binder in the coating layer is more than 0.3 and 0.9 or less, and

a surface roughness of the coating layer is 1.20 m or more.

Disclosed are polyimide blends and methods of making and using same. The disclosed polyimide blends are prepared by first blending an ionic polymer and a poly(amic acid) to form a poly(amic acid) precursor, followed by cyclization. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Ion exchange membranes materials according to the present disclosure exhibit improved conductivity at low and intermediate relative humidity without sacrificing mechanical strength. Polymers are provided that include a backbone with one or more aryl groups, a halocarbyl group, and a halocarbyl side chain attached to the backbone, wherein the halocarbyl side chain includes a halide separated from the backbone by a hydrocarbyl chain, a hydrocarbyl ring, or combinations thereof. The halide is substituted with a tertiary amine and halide anions are then exchanged with hydroxide anions. The polymers are then contacted with phosphoric acid, which is deprotonated by the hydroxide ions, forming anions which enhance interactions with adjacent quaternary ammonium groups and induce excess phosphoric acid molecules to cluster around those quaternary ammonium groups. The membranes exhibit negligible dopant leaching even at high relative humidity.

Objective of the present invention is to provide a resin composition having excellent alkaline resistance and a production method of this resin composition. Object of the present invention is to provide an electrochemical device that uses the above-described resin composition and allows improvement of an output power and durability. In order to solve the above-described problem, the resin composition including a structural unit represented by the following formula (1), a resin composition production method thereof, and an electrochemical device using the resin composition,

##STR00001##

(In the formula, E is a spacer, and represents a benzene ring, a benzene derivative in which at least one atom is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a carbon chain having at least 2 carbon atoms and optionally including a heteroatom, Im represents an ion conductive group including an imidazole ring, R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 each independently represent a carbon chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and including hydrogen, halogen or a heteroatom, X.sup.? represents an anion).

An ion exchange polymer has an ionomer structure containing poly(phenylene) compound integrated with functionalized poly(fluorene). The ion conducting co-polymer includes a poly(fluorene) compound and a poly(phenylene) compound covalently bonded together. The poly(fluorene) compound has a 9H-fluorene structure that is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having a center ring with five carbon atoms, and a benzene ring on each of opposing sides of said center ring. The poly(phenylene) compound is covalently bonded to each of the pair of benzene rings of the poly(fluorene) compound. A pair of sidechains extends from the center ring of the poly(fluorene) compound to a respective terminal group. The terminal groups are configured on sidechains of the poly(fluorene) compound and can be converted into functional groups such as quaternary ammonium or n-methyl piperidine functional groups. The ion exchange polymer may include a porous scaffold support.

A cation-exchange membrane includes layer (I) containing repeating units (A) each represented by formula (1) and repeating units (S) each containing a sulfonic acid-type ion-exchange group, wherein the mass proportion of repeating units (A) based on the total mass proportion of repeating units (A) and repeating units (S) being 100% by mass is 53% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less; and layer (II) containing a fluorine-containing polymer containing a carboxylic acid-type ion-exchange group and disposed on layer (I), wherein the water content of layer (I) is 26% or more and 35% or less:
CF.sub.2CF.sub.2(1)

The present inventive concept relates to a chemically modified anion exchange membrane and a method of preparing the same and, more particularly, an anion exchange membrane in which sulfonic acid groups in a perfluorinated sulfonic acid electrolyte membrane are substituted with anion conductive groups such as an ammonium group, a phosphonium group, an imidazolium group, a pyridinium group and a sulfonium group, and a method of preparing an anion exchange membrane by chemically modifying sulfonic acid groups in a perfluorinated sulfonic acid electrolyte membrane.

To provide a method whereby it is possible to efficiently produce an ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis, which has high current efficiency and high alkali resistance at the time of electrolyzing an alkali chloride. This is a method for producing an ion exchange membrane 1 for alkali chloride electrolysis, having a layer (C) 12 containing a fluorinated polymer (A) having carboxylic acid type functional groups, by immersing an ion exchange membrane precursor film having a precursor layer (C) containing a fluorinated polymer (A) having groups convertible to carboxylic acid type functional groups, in an aqueous alkaline solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, a water-soluble organic solvent and water, and subjecting the groups convertible to carboxylic acid type functional groups to hydrolysis treatment to convert them to carboxylic acid type functional groups, wherein the concentration of the water-soluble organic solvent is from 1 to 60 mass % in the alkaline aqueous solution (100 mass %); the proportion of structural units having carboxylic acid type functional groups in the fluorinated polymer (A) is from 14.00 to 14.50 mol %; and the resistivity in the layer (C) 12 is from 3.010.sup.3 to 25.010.sup.3 .Math.cm.