The present invention provides porous particles uniform in shape and having through holes that are not closed. The porous particles according to the present invention are porous particles having a substantially spherical shape. Each of the porous particles has an interconnected pore structure in which through holes provided inside the porous particle communicate with each other, and ends of the through holes are open toward an outside of the porous particle.

A method for preparing a polymeric material doped with at least one first metal element and at least one second metal element, including: a) copolymerization of a first monomer containing a first metal element and of a second monomer containing a chelating group of a second metal element, to obtain a polymeric material containing (i) recurrent units deriving from the polymerization of the first monomer, the recurrent units containing the first metal element and (ii) recurrent units deriving from the polymerization of the second monomer, the recurrent units containing chelating groups of a second metal element, and when the first metal element is different from the second metal element, b) contacting the material from a) with a solution containing the second metal element, in return for which the second metal element is complexed with the chelating groups, where b) is optional when the first and second metal element are identical.

The further advancement of membrane separation processes requires the development of more selective membranes. In this study, membranes that take inspiration from biological systems and use multiple functionalities of unique chemical design to control solute transport through chemical factors in addition to steric factors are detailed. Specifically, copolymer materials tailor-made for the generation of nanofilters that possess a high density of well-defined pores lined by azido moieties allowed for the generation of chemically-patterned mosaic membranes in a rapid manner through the use of printing devices. By engineering the composition of the reactive ink solutions used for chemical functionalization, large areas of patterned membranes were generated in seconds rather than hours. Charge mosaic membranes were used as an example of this novel platform.

The present invention discloses novel porous polymeric compositions comprising random copolymers of amides, imides, ureas, and carbamic-anhydrides, useful for the synthesis of monolithic bimodal microporous/macroporous carbon aerogels. It also discloses methods for producing said microporous/macroporous carbon aerogels by the reaction of a polyisocyanate compound and a polycarboxylic acid compound, followed by pyrolytic carbonization, and by reactive etching with CO.sub.2 at elevated temperatures. Also disclosed are methods for using the microporous/macroporous carbon aerogels in the selective capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide.

The present invention discloses novel porous polymeric compositions comprising random copolymers of amides, imides, ureas, and carbamic-anhydrides, useful for the synthesis of monolithic bimodal microporous/macroporous carbon aerogels. It also discloses methods for producing said microporous/macroporous carbon aerogels by the reaction of a polyisocyanate compound and a polycarboxylic acid compound, followed by pyrolytic carbonization, and by reactive etching with CO.sub.2 at elevated temperatures. Also disclosed are methods for using the microporous/macroporous carbon aerogels in the selective capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide.

A polyolefin-based film is described. Through optimization of tortuosity of a pore structure in the polyolefin-based film, the polyolefin-based film has a uniform pore structure, thereby improving consistency of the base film, reducing performance deviation of the base film, and effectively ensuring air permeability of the base film. Additionally, the polyolefin-based film of this application is ultra-thin. For every 1 m reduction in thickness, energy density of a battery cell can increase by approximately 0.7%. Therefore, with the thickness controlled to be below 7 m, the energy density of the battery cell is improved. When the polyolefin-based film is used as a separator in a battery, electrical performance of the battery can be improved, including reducing battery internal resistance, direct current resistance, self-discharge rate, short-circuit rate, and the like. This application further relates to a preparation method of the polyolefin-based film, a separator, a secondary battery, and an electric apparatus.

The present disclosure provides a method of producing a aerogel comprising of reacting first monomer with a second monomer in a reaction solvent to form a composition comprising a precursor polymer; forming a gel; conducting a solvent exchange process on the gel such that the resulting gel comprises an exchange solvent that has a freezing point; cooling the gel to a temperature below the freezing point of the exchange solvent; and subjecting the cooled gel to vacuum conditions to obtain the aerogel.

An aerogel and process of making the aerogel are provided. The aerogel is a polyimide aerogel having polyamide cross-links formed using a poly(maleic anhydride) cross-linker.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a polymeric material doped with at least one first metal element and at least one second metal element, said at least one first metal element and said at least one second metal element being identical or different from each other, said method comprising: a) a step for copolymerization of at least one first monomer comprising at least one first metal element and of at least one second monomer comprising at least one chelating group of at least one second metal element, in return for which a polymeric material is obtained comprising recurrent units from the polymerization of said first monomer, said recurrent units comprise said at least one first metal element and comprising recurrent units from the polymerization of said second monomer, said recurrent units comprising chelating groups of at least one second metal element; and when said first metal element is different from said second metal element, said method further comprising a step b) for putting the material obtained in step a) in contact with a solution comprising said at least second metal element, in return for which said at least second metal element is complexed with the aforementioned chelating groups, this step b) being optional when said first metal element and said second metal element are identical.

The present disclosure provides a method for producing an aerogel, the method comprising reacting at least one acid monomer with at least one diamino monomer in a first solvent under conditions appropriate to form a polyimide polymer; conducting a solvent exchange wherein the first solvent is exchanged for a second solvent, said second solvent having a freezing point, wherein said solvent exchange further comprises (1) submersing the polyimide polymer in the second solvent in a pressure vessel and (2) creating a high pressure environment inside the pressure vessel for a first period of time; cooling the polyimide polymer to a first temperature below the freezing point of the second solvent; and subjecting cooled polyimide polymer to a first vacuum for a second period of time at a second temperature.