The present invention is a phenolic resin foam board having a thickness of 40 mm or more to 300 mm or less, when the phenolic resin foam board is sliced into n pieces (n5) at approximately equal intervals of 8 mm or more to 10 mm or less, a density of an n-th specimen is d.sub.n, an average density of n pieces of specimens is d.sub.ave, a lowest density among the densities of n pieces of specimens is d.sub.min, 0(d.sub.aved.sub.min)/d.sub.ave0.12 is established, and when values for D.sub.i=(d.sub.i+d.sub.(i+1))/2 are calculated, D.sub.i values are plotted and points corresponding to the D.sub.i values are connected, resulting in a density distribution curve, no straight line parallel to the horizontal axis intersects the density distribution curve at four points.

Composition for production of phenolic foam, comprising at least one phenolic resin, at least one blowing agent, at least one catalyst and at least one polyethersiloxane of formula 1: M.sub.aM.sub.b.sup.1D.sub.cD.sub.d.sup.1.

Phenolic closed-cell foam comprises a hydrocarbon blowing agent and includes an alkali metal silicate in an amount of at least 1% by weight. The foam has an aged thermal conductivity as determined by the procedures of EN13166:2008 of less than 0.025 W/m.Math.K. The foam is formed from a phenolic resole resin mixture having a water content of greater than 15% by weight but less than 24% by weight.

Provided are a phenolic resin foam having low environmental impact, high compressive strength, excellent handling properties in installation, and low costs associated with securing, and also a method of producing the same. The phenolic resin foam contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a chlorinated hydrofluoroolefin, a non-chlorinated hydrofluoroolefin, and a halogenated hydrocarbon. The phenolic resin foam has a density of at least 20 kg/m.sup.3 and no greater than 100 kg/m.sup.3, and a closed cell ratio of at least 80% and no greater than 99%. The density and 10% compressive strength of the phenolic resin foam satisfy a relationship: C0.5X7, where C represents the 10% compressive strength (N/cm.sup.2) and X represents the density (kg/m.sup.3).

Provided is a dispersion liquid that can improve coatability (wettability) with respect to a base material and can form a conductive film having high close adherence with a base material. The dispersion liquid contains a carbon material (A), a condensate (B) of an aromatic sulfonic acid compound, a hydroxyphenol compound, and an aldehyde compound, and a solvent (C).

A resin sheet includes a binder resin; a fibrous filler having a fiber length of equal to or longer than 15 mm and equal to or shorter than 100 mm; and pulp.

There is disclosed a phenol resin foam comprising a phenol resin, a hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms, and at least one halogenated hydroolefin selected from the group consisting of hydrofluoroolefins and hydrochlorofluoroolefins, and the phenol resin foam having the density of 10 kg/m.sup.3 or more and 150 kg/m.sup.3 or less, wherein the sum of the content of the hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms and the content of the hydrogenated hydroolefin is from 0.23 to 0.90 mol, the content of the hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms is from 0.03 to 0.85 mol, and the content of the halogenated hydroolefin is from 0.05 to 0.85 mol, per 22.410.sup.3 m.sup.3 of spatial volume in the phenol resin foam.

Provided is a phenol resin foam that has low initial thermal conductivity and that retains low thermal conductivity for a long period of time. The present phenol resin foam may contain a cyclopentane and a high-boiling hydrocarbon with a boiling point of from 120 C. to 550 C. and may have a density of from 10 kg/m.sup.3 to 150 kg/m.sup.3. The content of the cyclopentane in the phenol resin foam per 22.410.sup.3 m.sup.3 space volume in the phenol resin foam is from 0.25 mol to 0.85 mol.

A fiber-reinforced aerogel is disclosed. The aerogel can include a porous organic polymer matrix and fibers included in the porous organic polymer matrix. The aerogel can include a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 60 mWIm.Math.K at a temperature of 20 C., at least a bimodal pore size distribution with a first mode of pores having an average pore size of less than or equal to 50 nanometers (nm) and a second mode of pores having an average pore size of greater than 50 nm, and a planar shape having a thickness of 5 millimeters (mm) or less and is capable of being rolled up into a roll, wherein the fibers form a woven fiber matrix.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems for making prepregs are disclosed. A method may include depositing a resin material onto a surface of a fiber bed and forming a number of discrete resin regions thereon. A distance between the resin regions may be measured to provide desired exposed portions of the surface to facilitate permeation of air through the exposed portions of the surface in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the fiber bed during a curing process of the prepreg.