The present invention relates to a thermosetting composition and a method for curing the same, and provides a thermosetting composition capable of realizing uniform curing physical properties of a cured product.

A polymer includes a repeating unit represented by at least one of Formula 1a or Formula 1b:

##STR00001##

wherein, in Formulae 1a or 1b, CY.sub.1 is a group represented by at least one of Formula 1-2 or Formula 1-4, CY.sub.2 is a group represented by Formula 1-3, and L.sub.1, L.sub.2, a1, and a2 are defined the same as in the specification, and

##STR00002##

in Formulae 1-2, Formula 1-3, or 1-4, X, Y, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14, b1, b2, R.sub.21, R.sub.22, b21, b22, Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, c1, and c2 are defined the same as in the specification.

The invention provides a composition for forming a hydrophobic material, the composition being made by combining: a perfluorinated amine compound comprising at least two amine moieties, such as a compound made by combining a straight or branched chain C.sub.1-10 alkyl amine having at least two amine groups per molecule, with a straight or branched chain C.sub.1-12 perfluorinated carboxylic acid confining at least one COOH group per molecule; an epoxy compound comprising at least two epoxy moieties; a lubricant, such as a perfluorinated polyether; a population of nanoparticles; and a solvent. Hydrophobic materials formed by evaporation of the solvent from such a composition are also provided as are intermediates excluding the lubricant which are used in the formation of such compositions. Such compositions are used in the formation of hydrophobic and particularly superhydrophobic surfaces. Advantageously these compositions are useful to form robust surface coatings that are resistant to mechanical wear.

The present invention relates to the field of environmentally oxidative drying inks for wet offset printing processes using environmentally friendly fountain solutions or environmentally friendly fountain concentrates. In particular, the invention related to a kit comprising an environmentally friendly fountain solution or environmentally friendly fountain concentrate and an environmentally friendly oxidative drying ink for wet offset printing processes, wherein said oxidative drying ink comprises at least one oxidative drying varnish and one or more neutral manganese complex compounds and wherein said fountain solution or fountain solution concentrate comprises one or more manganese (II) salts of a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 carboxylic acid.

The present disclosure provides an aerogel composition which is durable and easy to handle, which has favorable performance in aqueous environments, and which also has favorable combustion and self-heating properties. Also provided is a method of preparing an aerogel composition which is durable and easy to handle, which has favorable performance in aqueous environments, and which has favorable combustion and self-heating properties. Further provided is a method of improving the hydrophobicity, the liquid water uptake, the heat of combustion, or the onset of thermal decomposition temperature of an aerogel composition.

A binder for an electrode of a lithium secondary battery contains a water dispersion of a polyurethane. The polyurethane has been formed of (A) a polyisocyanate, (B) a compound having two or more active hydrogen groups, (C) a compound having one or more active hydrogen groups and a hydrophilic group, and (D) a chain extending agent. The (B) compound having two or more active hydrogen groups contains an olefinic polyol and/or a carbonate diol having a carbon number between carbonate bond chains of less than 6. The binder has high adhesiveness to a collector, does not cause release in press molding, has high flexibility, and is excellent in bindability and resistance to an electrolytic solution.

A binder for an electrode of a lithium secondary battery contains a water dispersion of a polyurethane. The polyurethane has been formed of (A) a polyisocyanate, (B) a compound having two or more active hydrogen groups, (C) a compound having one or more active hydrogen groups and a hydrophilic group, and (D) a chain extending agent. The (B) compound having two or more active hydrogen groups contains an olefinic polyol and/or a carbonate diol having a carbon number between carbonate bond chains of less than 6. The binder has high adhesiveness to a collector, does not cause release in press molding, has high flexibility, and is excellent in bindability and resistance to an electrolytic solution.

A gold pigment is disclosed. The gold pigment according to the present disclosure includes a substrate; a first coating layer formed on a surface of the substrate and including a metal oxide having a refractive index of more than 1.8; a second coating layer formed on the first coating layer and including an oxide containing manganese; a third coating layer formed on the second coating layer and including a colorless metal oxide having a refractive index of 1.8 or less; a fourth coating layer formed on the third coating layer and including a metal oxide having a refractive index of more than 1.8; and a fifth coating layer formed on the fourth coating layer and including Fe.sub.2O.sub.3.

Provided is a vinyl chloride resin composition that enables production of a vinyl chloride resin molded product having a desired dark color tone and excellent heat shielding. The vinyl chloride resin composition contains a vinyl chloride resin (a), a plasticizer (b), and a heat-shielding pigment (c). The heat-shielding pigment (c) has an L* value of not lower than 18.0 and not higher than 70.0 in the L*a*b* color system and exhibits a spectral reflectance curve on which a wavelength where reflectance is 20% or more is present in a wavelength region of 800 nm to 2400 nm.

Provided is a vinylidene fluoride copolymer particle which is capable of efficiently exhibiting high adhesion between an electrode and a separator. The vinylidene fluoride copolymer particle of the present invention comprises vinylidene fluoride; and a compound having an oxygen atom-containing functional group; wherein a ratio of oxygen atom in a surface of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer particle is higher than a ratio of oxygen atom in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer particle other than the surface thereof.