The present invention relates generally to compositions comprising polyelectrolytes complexes (PECs) of anionic and cationic biopolymers capable of forming barriers on fiber based materials. Also disclosed is a fibre based material with a barrier coating against oil and water, wherein the material is provided with a barrier from at least two layers formed from at least one composition comprising a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) of a cationic biopolymer and an anionic biopolymer, The two layers result in improvements in both oil resistance and water resistance compared to the same material provided with a single layer of said at least one composition.

The invention provides hydrogel, wherein the hydrogel has a supramolecular cross-linked network obtainable or obtained from the complexation of an aqueous composition including a host, such as cucurbituril, and one or more polymers having suitable guest functionality. One or more polymers in the aqueous composition may have a molecular weight of 50 kDa or more, such as 200 kDa or more. The hydrogel may hold a component, such as a therapeutic compound or a biological molecule. The hydrogels are suitable for use in medicine.

A separator is provided which includes: a separator base including a porous polymer substrate having a plurality of pores, and a porous coating layer positioned on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate and containing a plurality of inorganic particles and a binder polymer positioned on the whole or a part of the surface of the inorganic particles to connect the inorganic particles with one another and fix them; and a porous adhesive layer positioned on at least one surface of the separator base and including polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene containing vinylidene fluoride-derived repeating units and hexafluoropropylene-derived repeating units, wherein the ratio of the number of the hexafluoropropylene (HFP)-derived repeating units (HFP substitution ratio) based on the total number of the vinylidene fluoride-derived repeating units and the hexafluoropropylene-derived repeating units is 4.5% to 9%. An electrochemical device including the separator is also provided.

A separator is provided which includes: a separator base including a porous polymer substrate having a plurality of pores, and a porous coating layer positioned on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate and containing a plurality of inorganic particles and a binder polymer positioned on the whole or a part of the surface of the inorganic particles to connect the inorganic particles with one another and fix them; and a porous adhesive layer positioned on at least one surface of the separator base and including polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene containing vinylidene fluoride-derived repeating units and hexafluoropropylene-derived repeating units, wherein the ratio of the number of the hexafluoropropylene (HFP)-derived repeating units (HFP substitution ratio) based on the total number of the vinylidene fluoride-derived repeating units and the hexafluoropropylene-derived repeating units is 4.5% to 9%. An electrochemical device including the separator is also provided.

The present disclosure relates to compounds comprising as β-hydroxybutyric acid, and a weakly basic polymer. The disclosure also includes methods for inducing nutritional ketosis comprising administering the compounds or compositions to a mammal in need thereof.

A method for producing an adhesive layer composition for producing a cooling sheet including a backing layer, an adhesive layer, and a liner layer, the method comprising the step of:

mixing a composition to be mixed containing water, an alum, sodium edetate, a polyacrylic acid, and a neutralized polyacrylic acid such that a mixing temperature becomes 5 to 23° C., to obtain an adhesive layer composition, wherein

in the composition to be mixed,

a content of the water is 69 to 938.24% by mass relative to a total mass of the composition to be mixed,

a content of the alum is 0.18 to 0.42% by mass relative to the total mass of the composition to be mixed,

a content of the sodium edetate is 0.08 to 0.18% by mass relative to the total mass of the composition to be mixed, and

a mass ratio between the content of the alum and the content of the sodium edetate (the content of the alum:the content of the sodium edetate) is 1:1 to 5.25:1.

A method for producing an adhesive layer composition for producing a cooling sheet including a backing layer, an adhesive layer, and a liner layer, the method comprising the step of:

mixing a composition to be mixed containing water, an alum, sodium edetate, a polyacrylic acid, and a neutralized polyacrylic acid such that a mixing temperature becomes 5 to 23° C., to obtain an adhesive layer composition, wherein

in the composition to be mixed,

a content of the water is 69 to 938.24% by mass relative to a total mass of the composition to be mixed,

a content of the alum is 0.18 to 0.42% by mass relative to the total mass of the composition to be mixed,

a content of the sodium edetate is 0.08 to 0.18% by mass relative to the total mass of the composition to be mixed, and

a mass ratio between the content of the alum and the content of the sodium edetate (the content of the alum:the content of the sodium edetate) is 1:1 to 5.25:1.

A latex composition includes a latex of a conjugated diene polymer (A) having a glass transition temperature of 10° C. or less and a latex of a polymer (B) having a glass transition temperature of more than 10° C., wherein the value of (CS(B)−CS(A)) is more than 0% by weight, where a chemical stability of the latex of the conjugated diene polymer (A) to CaCl.sub.2, when the solids concentration of the latex is 20% by weight, is defined as CS(A) (% by weight), and a chemical stability of the latex of the polymer (B) to CaCl.sub.2, when the solids concentration of the latex is 20% by weight, is defined as CS(B) (% by weight).

A latex composition includes a latex of a conjugated diene polymer (A) having a glass transition temperature of 10° C. or less and a latex of a polymer (B) having a glass transition temperature of more than 10° C., wherein the value of (CS(B)−CS(A)) is more than 0% by weight, where a chemical stability of the latex of the conjugated diene polymer (A) to CaCl.sub.2, when the solids concentration of the latex is 20% by weight, is defined as CS(A) (% by weight), and a chemical stability of the latex of the polymer (B) to CaCl.sub.2, when the solids concentration of the latex is 20% by weight, is defined as CS(B) (% by weight).

The present disclosure relates to hydrogels composition comprising protist cells. In particular, the present disclosure relates to hydrogel compositions which may be used to encapsulate or suspend ciliated protist cells, and methods of preparing the same. The present disclosure further relates to methods of infecting molluscs with a ciliated protist cell, and methods and compositions for stabilising ciliated protist cells.