A computing device having a first processor configured to receive three-dimensional imaging data acquired by an imaging system, the three-dimensional imaging data being from ahead of a subject. The first processor can be configured to determine vascular structures from the three-dimensional imaging data, generate a three-dimensional model of the head of the subject from the three-dimensional imaging data, the three-dimensional model of the head including a three-dimensional model of the vascular structures and a three-dimensional model of a portion of a frontal horn of the subject, determine an entry point on the three-dimensional model of the head of the subject, determine a plurality of trajectories, each trajectory intersecting the three-dimensional model of the portion of the frontal horn and does not intersect the three-dimensional model of the vascular structures, and each trajectory is linear, and select a final trajectory from the plurality of trajectories.

Provided are systems, devices and methods for assisting a user in positioning an automated medical device on, or in close proximity to, a body of a subject, by simulating the position and orientation of the medical device on one or more images of the subject, and providing the user with instructions regarding the actual positioning of the medical device and/or correction thereof, based on the simulated position and orientation.

A robotic surgical system that can include any one or combination of a robotic arm connected to a base, an end effector connected to a distal end of the robotic arm, at least one instrument or accessory configured to mount to the end effector, a data storage device, a data reading device and processing circuitry is shown and described. The processing circuitry can be configured to: receive a first data from the data reading device regarding the data storage device, determine based upon the first data an identity of the at least one instrument or accessory, and in response to such determination, load calibration data corresponding to the least one instrument or accessory or issue a warning regarding the at least one instrument or accessory.

An accuracy system configured to determine the accuracy of a stereotactic system The accuracy system is configured to determine a displacement between a pointer tip positioned by the stereotactic system and a target point defined by a phantom base. The accuracy system is configured to mechanically engage the phantom base when the phantom base mechanically engages the stereotactic system to determine the displacement. In examples, a gauge support mechanically engages a pin of the phantom base and determines the displacement using one or more visible indicia. In examples, a gauge frame supports one or more cameras and determines the displacement using a first image and a second image obtained by the one or more cameras. The accuracy system provides an output viewable by a practitioner to indicate the determined displacement.

An accuracy system configured to determine the accuracy of a stereotactic system The accuracy system is configured to determine a displacement between a pointer tip positioned by the stereotactic system and a target point defined by a phantom base. The accuracy system is configured to mechanically engage the phantom base when the phantom base mechanically engages the stereotactic system to determine the displacement. In examples, a gauge support mechanically engages a pin of the phantom base and determines the displacement using one or more visible indicia. In examples, a gauge frame supports one or more cameras and determines the displacement using a first image and a second image obtained by the one or more cameras. The accuracy system provides an output viewable by a practitioner to indicate the determined displacement.

The invention relates to a system for planning introduction of a needle in a patient's body, comprising: a needle guide configured to be coupled to a needle; a localization system configured for tracking the needle guide with respect to the patient's body, the localization system being coupled to a needle tracker attached to the needle guide and a reference marker adapted to be attached to the patient's body to determine a spatial position and orientation of the needle tracker relative to the reference marker; a processor configured for determining a virtual position and orientation of the needle with respect to the 3D image using localization data of the needle guide, thereby defining a virtual needle having said virtual position and orientation, detecting a part of the needle that has already been inserted into the patient's body as a trace in the 3D medical image, computing a distance between the virtual needle and the detected needle, and determining a representation of the computed distance; a display coupled to the processor for displaying a representation of the virtual needle and the representation of the computed distance between the virtual needle and the detected part of the needle.

The invention relates to a system for planning introduction of a needle in a patient's body, comprising: a needle guide configured to be coupled to a needle; a localization system configured for tracking the needle guide with respect to the patient's body, the localization system being coupled to a needle tracker attached to the needle guide and a reference marker adapted to be attached to the patient's body to determine a spatial position and orientation of the needle tracker relative to the reference marker; a processor configured for determining a virtual position and orientation of the needle with respect to the 3D image using localization data of the needle guide, thereby defining a virtual needle having said virtual position and orientation, detecting a part of the needle that has already been inserted into the patient's body as a trace in the 3D medical image, computing a distance between the virtual needle and the detected needle, and determining a representation of the computed distance; a display coupled to the processor for displaying a representation of the virtual needle and the representation of the computed distance between the virtual needle and the detected part of the needle.

This invention is directed to devices and methods for surgical access to the body, and particularly to surgical drills for accessing a body cavity and methods therefor. In general, a surgical drill is utilized to gain access to a body cavity or part, such as where bone and/or other hard tissues need to be pierced. For example, the skull and other bones with internal cavities may require surgical access to treat body portions contained within the bone. Further in general, it may be generally desirable to create access holes or openings which may be as small as possible and at a particular direction and/or trajectory. In this manner the access hole or opening may be utilized to guide another device, such as a treatment device, to a particular target along the established trajectory of the access hole or opening.

This invention is directed to devices and methods for surgical access to the body, and particularly to surgical drills for accessing a body cavity and methods therefor. In general, a surgical drill is utilized to gain access to a body cavity or part, such as where bone and/or other hard tissues need to be pierced. For example, the skull and other bones with internal cavities may require surgical access to treat body portions contained within the bone. Further in general, it may be generally desirable to create access holes or openings which may be as small as possible and at a particular direction and/or trajectory. In this manner the access hole or opening may be utilized to guide another device, such as a treatment device, to a particular target along the established trajectory of the access hole or opening.

A needle guide for use with a handheld probe having a connector protruding from a probe surface. The needle guide can include an upper portion including an upper surface, a lower portion defining a cavity to receive the connector of the handheld probe, and a needle channel. The needle channel can extend from a proximal portion of the upper surface to a distal end of the upper surface. The needle channel can have a fixed size. The needle guide can include a guide surface extending into the upper portion and the lower portion of the needle guide at a proximal end of the needle guide. The guide surface can include a concave shape with a conical surface that funnels into a proximal end of the needle channel.