Methods of protecting a submerged surface include applying an adhesion-promoting layer onto a surface. An inner polymer layer is applied onto the adhesion-promoting layer. The inner polymer layer is impregnated with a biologically active chemical substance that inhibits biofouling-induced chemical, biological, and bio-proliferative damage. An outer polymer layer is applied onto the inner polymer layer. The outer polymer layer is impregnated with a biologically active chemical substance that inhibits biofouling-induced chemical, biological, and bio-proliferative damage and that repels biofouling organisms to prevent invasion of the inner polymer layer.

A method for applying a coating to a surface includes the step of providing a reaction mixture comprising a silicon alkoxide and an alcohol. A reaction limiting amount of water is added. The silicon alkoxides and water are allowed to react to form silica precursor particles during an initial reaction period. A coating precursor composition is prepared by adding an acid soluble in the alcohol to the reaction mixture during a second reaction period after the initial reaction period. The precursor silica particles grow to form silica nanofeatures having a major dimension that is larger than a major dimension of the silica precursor particles. The coating precursor composition is applied to a surface, and the alcohol and water are allowed to evaporate and the silica nanofeatures to adhere to the surface and form a nanostructured layer on the surface. A coating precursor composition and a coated article are also disclosed.

The present disclosure provides a coating-attached glass article having improved easy-to-clean properties. The provided coating-attached glass article includes a glass substrate and an easy-to-clean coating on the glass substrate. The coating includes cerium oxide, and a contact angle of water on a surface of the coating is 60° or more and 130° or less. The coating improves, for example, the ease of removal of dirt resulting from a water drop adhered to the surface. The glass substrate may be formed of a reinforced glass.

The control over the wettability of any surface fundamentally determines its interaction with water. In this regard, artificial surfaces with high water repellency has been of particular interest. The present invention relates to the synthesis and applications of a ceramic composite comprising phosphates of the lanthanide/rare earth series and organic phosphonic acids leading to superhydrophobic materials that offer non-wetting, multi-substrate compatible, additive compatible and antibacterial coatings with high water contact angles >150°.

Xerogels and compositions comprising xerogels comprising a transition metal oxide and silicon oxide xerogel matrix. The xerogels and compositions can be made from mixtures of transition metal alkoxide(s) and tetraalkoxysilane(s) and, optionally, alkyltrialkoxysilane(s), aminoalkyl-, alkylaminoalkyl-, dialkylaminoalkyltrialkoxysilane(s), or a combination thereof. The xerogels and compositions can be used as antifouling coatings on, for example; boats.

The invention relates generally to liquid-repellent coatings, and in particular, to porous liquid-repellent coatings, a method of preparing the porous liquid-repellent coatings, and a method of characterizing a porous surface for the liquid-repellent coatings. The invention further relates to a porous liquid-repellent coating comprising a porous layer of a transition metal oxide and/or hydroxide and a layer of a liquid-repellent compound deposited onto the porous layer of the transition metal oxide and/or hydroxide, wherein the porous layer of the transition metal oxide and/or hydroxide is comprised of a plurality of surface pores of varying angles with an average angle that is re-entrant.

An anti-fouling coating film of the present invention includes a component (A): zirconium; a component (B): lanthanum; and a component (C): at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon, phosphorus, and boron, in which in a case where masses of the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C) are used by being converted into masses of oxides thereof, total mass of the component (A) and the component (B) with respect to a mass of the anti-fouling coating film is 90% or more and 95% or less, and in a case where X is defined by X=mass of component (B)/(total mass of component (A)+component (B))×100, X is 20% or more and 50% or less, and the mass of the component (C) to the mass of the anti-fouling coating film is 5% or more and [6+(X−20)/6]% or less.

The present invention provides a waterborne self-polishing antifouling paint and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of marine antifouling paints. The waterborne self-polishing antifouling paint provided by the present invention includes the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of waterborne self-polishing emulsion, 30-70 parts of waterborne slurry, 0.1-0.5 parts of waterborne leveling agent, 0.2-1 parts of waterborne defoamer, 0.5-1 parts of film-forming additive and 10-20 parts of water. The waterborne self-polishing antifouling paint provided by the present invention has an ultra-low content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (less than 20 g/L), and is environmentally friendly. The waterborne self-polishing antifouling paint can be formed into a paint film with good mechanical properties, stable self-polishing rate, and excellent water immersion resistance and antifouling performance.

An antibacterial device is disclosed that includes a substrate and an antibacterial coating or antibacterial surface being provided on at least a part of the substrate's surface. The antibacterial coating or surface includes Angstrom scale flakes, where the Angstrom scale flakes are arranged in a standing position on the substrate surface and are attached to the substrate surface via edge sides thereof. The Angstrom scale flakes can, for example, be graphene flakes, or graphite flakes having a thickness of a few atom layers. It has been found that such standing flakes are efficient in killing prokaryotic cells but do not harm eukaryotic cells.

An anti-fouling coating film of the present invention includes a component (A): zirconium; a component (B): lanthanum; and a component (C): at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon, phosphorus, and boron, in which in a case where masses of the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C) are used by being converted into masses of oxides thereof, total mass of the component (A) and the component (B) with respect to a mass of the anti-fouling coating film is 90% or more and 95% or less, and in a case where X is defined by X=mass of component (B)/(total mass of component (A)+component (B))×100, X is 20% or more and 50% or less, and the mass of the component (C) to the mass of the anti-fouling coating film is 5% or more and [6+(X−20)/6]% or less.