A (meth)acrylic copolymer of the present invention includes a constituent unit (B) derived from a polysiloxane block-containing polymerizable monomer (b) represented by Formula (b1). In Formula (b1), R.sup.30 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, a represents an integer of 2 to 5, b represents a number of 0 to 50, c represents an integer of 0 to 18, d represents a number of 1 to 1000, e represents a number of 1 to 80, R.sup.31 to R.sup.39 each represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a substituted phenyl group, a phenoxy group, or a substituted phenoxy group.

The invention describes the use of a water-based energy curable inkjet ink or coating composition comprising one or more synthetic rheology modifiers, one or more energy curable resins, one or more tertiary amines, and water. The viscosity of the water-based energy curable inkjet ink or coating compositions is fine tuned to the requirements of the print head through the use of a synthetic thickener. The extremely low levels required of this type of material are particularly advantageous because they then have little if any impact on the physical properties of the dried and UV cured ink. Surprisingly, the use of s synthetic thickener at these low levels gives Newtonian character inks.

A perfluoro(poly)ether group containing silane compound of formula (1a) or (1b):

(Rf-PFPE).sub.-X(CR.sup.a.sub.kR.sup.b.sub.lR.sup.c.sub.m).sub.(1a)

(R.sup.c.sub.mR.sup.b.sub.lR.sup.a.sub.kC).sub.X-PFPE-X(CR.sup.a.sub.kR.sup.b.sub.lR.sup.c.sub.m).sub.(1b)

wherein the symbols are as defined herein.

A fluoropolyether group-containing silane compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2) where the various substituents are as defined herein:

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Provided is a coating composition containing a silicon atom-containing resin. The resin includes a constituent unit (A) derived from a monomer (a) having at least one kind of silicon atom-containing group selected from the group consisting of groups represented by formulae (I), (II), (III), and (IV), a constituent unit (B) derived from a monomer (b) which is a (meth)acrylic acid ester represented by a formula (b), and a constituent unit (C) derived from a monomer (c) other than the monomers (a) and (b). The monomer (a) has a molecular weight of greater than 2500. A content of the constituent unit (A) is greater than 20% by mass in all constituent units. The monomer (c) has a homopolymer solubility parameter SP of less than or equal to 9.5 and has no cyclic structure. A content of the unit (C) is greater than 2% by mass in all constituent units.

Provided are a coating composition containing a silicon atom-containing resin and an anti-sagging agent, a coating film formed from the same, an in-water structure and a ship including the coating film. In the coating composition, the silicon atom-containing resin includes a constituent unit (A) derived from a monomer (a) having at least one kind of silicon atom-containing group selected from the group consisting of groups represented by the formula (I), the formula (II), the formula (III), and the formula (IV), the monomer (a) has a molecular weight of greater than or equal to 400 and less than or equal to 2500, and the content of the anti-sagging agent is greater than or equal to 0.7 parts by mass and less than or equal to 3.6 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the silicon atom-containing resin.

The build-up of scale on a conductive surface in contact with an aqueous environment is prevented and/or eliminated by coating said surface with a self-polishing or ablative coating system comprising one or more layers, wherein the outermost layer comprises a hydrolysable polymer with conductive elements embedded in said polymer, and wherein said conductive elements comprise conductive particles chosen from carbon-based materials such as graphene particles, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, graphite, activated carbon and metal particles, and combinations thereof, said conductive particles having an average particle size in the interval from 1 nm to 500 ?m. Coatings, elements, such as electrodes, and compositions are also disclosed.

An object of the present invention is to provide an antifouling coating composition capable of forming an antifouling coating film that retains a high antifouling performance for a prolonged period of time and has an excellent damage resistance. Another object of the present invention is to provide an antifouling coating film formed with the antifouling coating composition, a substrate with an antifouling coating film and a method for producing the same, and an antifouling method using the antifouling coating film. The antifouling coating composition of the present invention contains a hydrolyzable polymer (A) containing a metal ester group, zinc oxide (B), and medetomidine (C), and has a content of the zinc oxide (B) in a solid content of the antifouling composition of 27 to 60% by mass.

Provided are a coating composition containing a silicon atom-containing resin and an anti-sagging agent, a coating film formed from the same, an in-water structure and a ship including the coating film. In the coating composition, the silicon atom-containing resin includes a constituent unit (A) derived from a monomer (a) having at least one kind of silicon atom-containing group selected from the group consisting of groups represented by the formula (I), the formula (II), the formula (III), and the formula (IV), the monomer (a) has a molecular weight of greater than or equal to 400 and less than or equal to 2500, and the content of the anti-sagging agent is greater than or equal to 0.7 parts by mass and less than or equal to 3.6 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the silicon atom-containing resin.

An object of the present invention is to provide an antifouling coating composition capable of forming an antifouling coating film that continuously has a high antifouling performance against aquatic organisms, such as barnacles and slimes, even in the case where the antifouling coating film is exposed to a high-speed water flow for a prolonged period of time. Another object thereof is to provide an antifouling coating film formed with the antifouling coating composition, a substrate with an antifouling coating film and a method for producing the same, and an antifouling method using the antifouling coating film. The antifouling coating composition of the present invention contains a hydrolyzable polymer (A) containing a metal ester group, cuprous oxide (B), a copper pyrithione (C), and medetomidine (D).