The present invention is to provide a copolymer obtainable by polymerizing a monomer mixture containing at least compounds of the following formulae (A) and (B) (wherein T.sup.a, T.sup.b, Q.sup.a, Q.sup.b, R.sup.a, R.sup.b, U.sup.a1, U.sup.a2, U.sup.a3, U.sup.b1, U.sup.b2, U.sup.b3, An.sup. and m are as defined in the present specification and Claims), etc. The copolymer of the present invention can be utilized as an ion complex material excellent in a function of inhibiting adhesion of a biological substance.

##STR00001##

Provided is a coating film which is obtained by applying a composition for forming a coating film, the composition containing a copolymer, and which is used to suppress adhesion of a biological substance, in which the copolymer is water-insoluble, the copolymer contains a repeating unit (A) represented by the following Formula (A) and a repeating unit (B) represented by the following Formula (B), and a molar ratio (A:B) of the repeating unit (A) to the repeating unit (B) in the copolymer is 89:11 to 50:50.

##STR00001##

(In the formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each independently represent a single bond, an ester bond, an ether bond, an amide bond, or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may be interrupted by an oxygen atom.)

Provided is a water repellent composition which includes: a water-repellent resin based on a hydrocarbon having a C5-C40 hydrocarbon group; and hydrophilic particles. The water repellent composition can impart both satisfactory water repellency and satisfactory antislip properties to textile products, and has storage stability.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to coated metal materials, e.g., a metal substrate such as a solid metal surface or a metal mesh, coated with a superhydrophobic coating comprising a first layer and a second layer as disclosed herein; methods of making the coated metal materials comprising the superhydrophobic coating; and products comprising the disclosed coated metals. In another aspect, the disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising a metal mesh coated with a superamphiphobic or superhydrophobic coating. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

The invention relates to an aqueous coating composition, a process for preparing the same, and a coated article. The aqueous coating composition comprises (a) a polymer A comprising units derived from an alpha-olefin and one or more comonomers selected from the group of methacrylates, acrylates, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, maleates, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, and salts thereof; (b) a polymer B comprising units derived from one or more monomers selected from the group of methacrylates, acrylates, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, maleates, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, and salts thereof; (c) at least one pigment in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 30 wt. %, based on the total dry weight of the coating composition, the at least one pigment being selected from the group consisting of clay minerals, silicates, brucite, magnesium carbonate, barite, perlite, satin white, gypsum, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, surface-reacted calcium carbonates, and mixtures thereof; (d) optionally wax.

A copolymer comprising trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene units and vinylidene fluoride units, and methods of making the same. A method of preventing biofouling on an article of manufacture, comprising applying such copolymer to the article of manufacture. A process of preparing a surface having a surface energy of between about 20 and about 30 mJ/m.sup.2, comprising applying such a copolymer to a support. A method of preventing accumulation of ice on an article of manufacture, comprising applying such a copolymer to an article of manufacture. A method of preparing a polymer, comprising a step of adding trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene/vinylidene fluoride copolymer as a polymer processing additive/aid to said polymer.

The invention pertains to an antifouling coating composition comprising a copper acrylate polymer, 2-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-4-bromo-5-trifluoromethyl pyrrole (tralopyril), and solvent, with the coating composition being substantially free of further biocidal compounds, wherein the copper acrylate polymer is present in an amount of 60-99 wt. % and the tralopyril is present in an amount of 0.1-30 wt. %, the weight percentages for copper acrylate polymer and tralopyril being calculated on the dry weight of the coating composition. In one embodiment, the coating composition comprises 30-70 wt % of solvent, the weight percentage of solvent being calculated on the wet weight of the coating composition. It has been found that the coating composition according to the invention combines a good antifouling performance against both weed and shell fouling, for at least 12 months, i.e. a yacht season, with a high gloss finish, and, when a suitable application method is used, a smooth and level surface.

A coating composition including the following five components 1) to 5): 1) a fluorine-containing multifunctional (meth)acrylate; 2) a binder component that is free of fluorine and reacts with the 1) component; 3) metal oxide nanoparticles each including an organic group on a surface thereof; 4) a solvent having a total (P+H) of 8 MPa.sup.1/2 or more, the total (P+H) being a total of a polar term SP and a hydrogen bond term SH in Hansen solubility parameters; and 5) a reaction initiator.

The present invention provides a polymer having antimicrobial and/or antifouling (protein-repellent) properties, a monomer that can be used in a method of producing the polymer of the invention, and a use of the polymer of the invention, including a method for coating the surface of a material, substrate or product with the polymer of the invention, as well as to products comprising the polymer of the invention and/or a coating comprising the polymer of the invention.

The invention provides a highly durable surface coating intended to inhibit the formation of ice at sub-0 C. temperatures as well as reduce the accumulation of dirt and insect debris to a vehicle surface upon impact. A continuous, durable matrix surrounds both low-surface-energy (low-adhesion) material inclusions as well as hygroscopic material inclusions. Some variations provide a low-friction, low-adhesion material comprising: a durable continuous matrix; a plurality of first inclusions, dispersed within the matrix, each comprising a low-surface-energy polymer; and a plurality of second inclusions, dispersed within the matrix, each comprising a hygroscopic material. The matrix and the first and second inclusions form a lubricating surface layer in the presence of humidity. Other variations employ a durable continuous matrix and a plurality of inclusions, dispersed within the matrix, each comprising a low-surface-energy polymer surrounding a hygroscopic material. Coating precursors and methods of forming final coatings are also described.