Described herein are fluid complex coacervates that produce solid adhesives in situ. Oppositely charged polyelectrolytes were designed to form fluid adhesive complex coacervates at ionic strengths higher than the ionic strength of the application site, but an insoluble adhesive solid or gel at the application site. When the fluid, high ionic strength adhesive complex coacervates are introduced into the lower ionic strength application site, the fluid complex coacervate is converted to a an adhesive solid or gel as the salt concentration in the complex coacervate equilibrates to the application site salt concentration. In one embodiment, the fluid complex coacervates are designed to solidify in situ at physiological ionic strength and have numerous medical applications. In other aspects, the fluid complex coacervates can be used in aqueous environment for non-medical applications.

Provided is an antifouling coating composition containing a hydrolyzable resin (A), a first non-hydrolyzable resin (B), a second non-hydrolyzable resin (C), and an antifouling agent (D), in which a glass transition temperature Tg.sub.B [° C.] and a solubility parameter SP.sub.B of the first non-hydrolyzable resin (B), and a glass transition temperature Tg.sub.C [° C.] and a solubility parameter SP.sub.C of the second non-hydrolyzable resin (C) satisfy an expression [1]:Tg.sub.B−Tg.sub.C≥60, an expression [2]:SP.sub.B ≥9.5, an expression [3]:SP.sub.C≥9.5, and an expression [4]:SP.sub.B−SP.sub.C|≤1.0.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of a) polymer particles having a z-average particle size in the range of from 50 nm to 500 nm; b) anion exchange resin particles having a D.sub.50 median particle size in the range of from 0.1 μm to 50 μm; and c) polymeric organic microspheres having a D.sub.50 median particle size in the range of from 1 μm to 20 μm, wherein the weight-to-weight ratio of polymer particles to microspheres is in the range of from 0.5:1 to 20:1. The composition of the present invention is useful for paint compositions that form matte finishes with an excellent balance of stain blocking and stain removal properties.

Provided are a composition for forming a coating film, a coating film and a substrate having the coating film, which have excellent compatibility with biological substances, as well as a method for producing the same. A composition for forming a coating film having the ability to inhibit adhesion of biological substances, the composition comprising a copolymer and a solvent, wherein the copolymer is obtained by subjecting a monomer mixture to polymerization, wherein the monomer mixture comprises compounds represented by the following formulae (1), (2), and (3):

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.6, n, and m are as defined in the Description and Claims, wherein the compound represented by the formula (3) above is contained in a predetermined amount in the monomer mixture, a coating film obtained from the composition, and a substrate having the coating film as well as a method for producing the same.

The present invention discloses a self-healing or reusable article and preparation method and use thereof. The present invention discloses a combination system for preparing a self-healing coating material, comprising: (A) a low-surface-energy polymer micelle dispersion; (B) a silane coupling agent hydrolysate; and (C) a base solution. The present invention discloses a composition system for use in a reusable glass-like material or glass-like article, comprising: (i) a mixed dispersion of a silane coupling agent hydrolysate and a base solution; (ii) a low-surface-energy polymer solution; and (iii) a silane coupling agent dispersion. The self-healing or reusable article provided herein has a wide range of application prospect.

First embodiment of a (meth)acrylic copolymer in the present invention includes following: a (meth)acrylic copolymer having at least one kind of constitutional unit selected from the group consisting of a constitutional unit (A1) having at least one kind of structure (I) selected from the group consisting of structures represented by the following formula (1), formula (2), or formula (3) and a constitutional unit (A2) having a triorganosilyloxycarbonyl group and a constitutional unit (B) derived from a macromonomer (b): ##STR00001## (where, X represents —O—, —S—, or —NR.sup.14—, R.sup.14 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 each represent an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, and R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 each represent an alkylene group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms).

The present disclosure relates to an antifouling coating layer, and in detail, provides a method of manufacturing an antifouling coating layer having excellent antifouling characteristic and durability through quick deposition using iCVD.

The present invention relates to a fouling control coating composition comprising an ingredient having biocidal properties for aquatic organisms and (a1) a polymer comprising quaternary ammonium groups and/or quaternary phosphonium groups bound to the backbone of the polymer, said quaternary ammonium groups and/or quaternary phosphonium groups being neutralised by a conjugate base of a sulphonic acid having an aliphatic, aromatic, or alkaryl hydrocarbyl group, and (a2) a polymer comprising silyl ester groups. The invention further relates to a method of protecting a man-made structure immersed in water from fouling, and a substrate or structure coated with the fouling control coating composition.

The present invention provides a copolymer obtainable by polymerizing a monomer mixture which contains at least compounds of the following formulae (A), (B) and (C), wherein T.sup.a, T.sup.b, T.sup.c, U.sup.a1, U.sup.a2, U.sup.b1, U.sup.b2 and U.sup.b3, Q.sup.a, Q.sup.b and Q.sup.c, R.sup.a, R.sup.b and R.sup.c, An.sup.− and m are as defined in Specification and Claims, and so on. The copolymer of the present invention can be utilized as an ion complex material excellent in a function of inhibiting adhesion of a biological substance.

##STR00001##

Methods for forming a coating can include preparing a nanocomposite film including surface modified silicon dioxide nanoparticles, applying an oxygen plasma treatment to the nanocomposite film to form a treated nanocomposite film, and applying a fluorosilane solution to the treated nanocomposite film to form the coating. A coating can include a nanocomposite film including surface modified silicon dioxide nanoparticles, the nanocomposite film having an oxygen plasma treated surface, and a monolayer of a fluoro alkyl chain