A coating layer application device (200) for applying a coating layer, which is located on a transfer element, to a substrate, the coating layer (206) being formed from a coating material, in particular a thermosetting coating material, the coating layer (206) being curable and comprising an amorphous material, the coating layer application device comprising: a heating device (214, 220) being configured so as to (i) maintain the temperature of the coating layer (206) within a temperature range before removal of N the transfer element (204) from the coating layer (206), wherein within the temperature range the uncured coating material is in its supercooled liquid state; and/or (ii) partially cure the coating layer (206) during a contact of the coating layer (206) and the substrate (210) and before removal of the transfer element (204) from the coating layer, in particular by increasing the temperature of the coating layer (206) to a temperature at or above a curing temperature of the coating layer (206).

A coating layer application device (200) for applying a coating layer, which is located on a transfer element, to a substrate, the coating layer (206) being formed from a coating material, in particular a thermosetting coating material, the coating layer (206) being curable and comprising an amorphous material, the coating layer application device comprising: a heating device (214, 220) being configured so as to (i) maintain the temperature of the coating layer (206) within a temperature range before removal of N the transfer element (204) from the coating layer (206), wherein within the temperature range the uncured coating material is in its supercooled liquid state; and/or (ii) partially cure the coating layer (206) during a contact of the coating layer (206) and the substrate (210) and before removal of the transfer element (204) from the coating layer, in particular by increasing the temperature of the coating layer (206) to a temperature at or above a curing temperature of the coating layer (206).

A polyester resin that is a condensation polymer of a polyol mixture including an epoxidized vegetable oil and a rosin additive, a polycarboxylic acid and a vegetable-derived polyol; has a mass ratio (rosin/epoxidized vegetable oil) between the rosin and the epoxidized vegetable oil of 2-10; and has a biomass content of at least 80%. The polyester resin has a high proportion of biomass-derived components and can be used to obtain an offset printing ink composition that has excellent scratch resistance and excellent abrasion resistance.

The ink composition contains titanium oxide particles having an average particle size of 0.1 μm or more and 0.4 μm or less, hollow resin particles having an average particle size of 1.0 μm or more and 2.0 μm or less, a polysaccharide and water, wherein the titanium oxide particles and the hollow resin particles are negatively charged.

The ink composition contains titanium oxide particles having an average particle size of 0.1 μm or more and 0.4 μm or less, hollow resin particles having an average particle size of 1.0 μm or more and 2.0 μm or less, a polysaccharide and water, wherein the titanium oxide particles and the hollow resin particles are negatively charged.

A system for applying a first coating composition and a second coating composition. The system includes a first high transfer efficiency applicator defining a first nozzle orifice and a second high transfer efficiency applicator defining a second nozzle orifice. The system further includes a substrate defining a target area. The first high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to expel the first coating composition through the first nozzle orifice to the target area of the substrate to form a first coating layer. The second high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to expel the second coating composition through the second nozzle orifice to the first coating layer to form a second coating layer.

A system for applying a first coating composition and a second coating composition. The system includes a first high transfer efficiency applicator defining a first nozzle orifice and a second high transfer efficiency applicator defining a second nozzle orifice. The system further includes a substrate defining a target area. The first high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to expel the first coating composition through the first nozzle orifice to the target area of the substrate to form a first coating layer. The second high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to expel the second coating composition through the second nozzle orifice to the first coating layer to form a second coating layer.

Thermoset compositions and methods for forming three-dimensional articles via an additive fabrication process, and articles made therefrom are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a composition comprises a first network-forming component comprising a TPA-based polyester comprising a backbone and having at least 2 polymerizable groups, one or more first network monomers, and a first network initiator. The backbone of the TPA-based polyester comprises the reaction product of a terephthalic acid and a polyol. The composition may further comprise a second network-forming component.

Thermoset compositions and methods for forming three-dimensional articles via an additive fabrication process, and articles made therefrom are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a composition comprises a first network-forming component comprising a TPA-based polyester comprising a backbone and having at least 2 polymerizable groups, one or more first network monomers, and a first network initiator. The backbone of the TPA-based polyester comprises the reaction product of a terephthalic acid and a polyol. The composition may further comprise a second network-forming component.

An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable polyester solution that exhibits good solubility in a halogen-free organic solvent and that has sufficient adhesive strength even when aged for a short time. The object is achieved by providing a biodegradable polyester solution containing a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) copolymer and a solvent, the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) copolymer having an average content of 16 mol % or more 3-hydroxyhexanoate.