A cleaning liquid includes water, a surfactant, and glycol ether. The surfactant is an acetylene surfactant or a silicone surfactant. A content ratio of the glycol ether is at least 5% by mass and no greater than 15% by mass relative to a mass of the cleaning liquid. Preferably, a contact angle of the cleaning liquid to an austenitic stainless steel plate is no greater than 40 degrees.

A cleaning liquid includes water, a surfactant, and glycol ether. The surfactant is an acetylene surfactant or a silicone surfactant. A content ratio of the glycol ether is at least 5% by mass and no greater than 15% by mass relative to a mass of the cleaning liquid. Preferably, a contact angle of the cleaning liquid to an austenitic stainless steel plate is no greater than 40 degrees.

Disclosed herein is a polymeric film, the film comprising a polymeric matrix material, a plurality of perovskite nanocrystals and/or aggregates of perovskite nanocrystals dispersed throughout the polymeric matrix material. There is also disclosed a perovskite polymer resin composition, a perovskite-polymer resin composition, a perovskite ink and a method of forming a luminescent film using any one of the compositions or ink. Preferably, the perovskite material is a lead halide perovskite containing a cation selected from Cs, an alkylammonium ion, or a formamidinium ion. The polymeric matrix is preferably formed from monomers comprising a vinyl or an acrylate group.

Disclosed herein is a polymeric film, the film comprising a polymeric matrix material, a plurality of perovskite nanocrystals and/or aggregates of perovskite nanocrystals dispersed throughout the polymeric matrix material. There is also disclosed a perovskite polymer resin composition, a perovskite-polymer resin composition, a perovskite ink and a method of forming a luminescent film using any one of the compositions or ink. Preferably, the perovskite material is a lead halide perovskite containing a cation selected from Cs, an alkylammonium ion, or a formamidinium ion. The polymeric matrix is preferably formed from monomers comprising a vinyl or an acrylate group.

Described herein is a printed photovoltaic cell comprising an anode; an LEP printed cathode; and an LEP printed photovoltaic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The photovoltaic layer comprises a material with a perovskite structure having a chemical formula selected from ABX.sub.3 and A.sub.2BX.sub.6 and a thermoplastic resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide, and a monomer selected from a monomer having acidic side groups, a monomer having ester side groups and a mixture thereof. The printed cathode comprises: a thermoplastic resin; and electrically conductive metal particles. Also described herein is a method of producing the printed photovoltaic cell and an ink set for use in the method.

Described herein is a liquid electrophotographic photovoltaic ink composition comprising: a dispersion of a material with a perovskite structure, a thermoplastic resin and conductive particles in a carrier liquid; wherein the material with a perovskite structure has a chemical formula selected from ABX.sub.3 and A.sub.2BX.sub.6; wherein A is a cation, B is a cation and X is an anion; and wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises: a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide, and a monomer selected from a monomer having acidic side groups, a monomer having ester side groups and a mixture thereof. Also described is a method of producing a photovoltaic cell using the LEP ink and the printed cell produced by the method.

The present disclosure provides a method of manufacturing a conductive coating which includes preparing a conductive powder, preparing a wet conductive powder, preparing a base slurry, and performing a centrifugal mixing process. A graphite and a carbon black are uniformly mixed and performed on a powder refining process to obtain the conductive powder. The conductive powder and an additive are uniformly mixed to obtain the wet conductive powder. A neoprene and a solvent are uniformly mixed and performed on a ball milling process to obtain the base slurry. 45 parts by weight to 55 parts by weight of the wet conductive powder and 45 parts by weight to 55 parts by weight of the base slurry are centrifugal mixed in a centrifugal mixing process at 900 rpm to 1000 rpm to obtain the conductive coating having a viscosity between 55000 cP and 60000 cP.

A resin composition for an aqueous ink includes a base resin, an aqueous dispersion medium, and an emulsifier. The base resin includes a rosin-modified alkyd resin. The emulsifier includes an anionic emulsifier and a nonionic emulsifier. The anionic emulsifier includes an oxyalkylene-containing anionic emulsifier. An HLB value of the nonionic emulsifier is 16.0 or more and 20.0 or less.

An inkjet ink that includes (A) a terpene phenol resin and (B) a compound of formula (I) wherein R is an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, n is 0 or 1, p is an integer from 1 to 40, and q is an integer from 1 to 40. A printed article including the inkjet ink in dried form, and a method of forming a printed image with a thermal inkjet printhead are also provided.

##STR00001##

An inkjet ink that includes (A) a terpene phenol resin and (B) a compound of formula (I) wherein R is an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, n is 0 or 1, p is an integer from 1 to 40, and q is an integer from 1 to 40. A printed article including the inkjet ink in dried form, and a method of forming a printed image with a thermal inkjet printhead are also provided.

##STR00001##