A quantum dot having a perovskite crystal structure and including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1:
ABX.sub.3+α  Chemical Formula 1
wherein, A is a Group IA metal selected from Rb, Cs, Fr, and a combination thereof, B is a Group IVA metal selected from Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, and a combination thereof, X is a halogen selected from F, Cl, Br, and I, BR.sub.4, or a combination thereof, and α is greater than 0 and less than or equal to about 3; and wherein the quantum dot has a size of about 1 nanometer to about 50 nanometers.

Provided is a fluoride phosphor that has a good external quantum efficiency and is suitable for stably producing white LEDs. The fluoride phosphor has a composition represented by a general formula (1) and a repose angle of 30° or more and 60° or less. general formula: A.sub.2M.sub.(1-n)F.sub.6:Mn.sup.4+.sub.n (1), wherein 0<n≤0.1, the element A is one or more alkali metal elements including at least K, and the element M is a simple substance of Si, a simple substance of Ge, or a combination of Si and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, and Hf.

In one embodiment, the optoelectronic semiconductor device comprises a carrier having electrical connection surfaces on a carrier upper side. At least four semiconductor chips are configured to emit light of different colors from each other. The semiconductor chips are mounted close to each other on the connection surfaces so that a distance between adjacent semiconductor chips is at most 100 μm in a top view on the carrier upper side.

The present disclosure provides a phosphor having an empirical formula Li.sub.2SiF.sub.6:Mn.sup.4+, a conversion LED including the phosphor, and a method of making the phosphor by solid-state synthesis.

A scintillator having a columnar crystal structure vapor-deposited on a substrate, wherein each column of the crystal structure contains an alkali halide metal compound as a host material, and further contains, as an additive, a compound of a precious metal as a metal having lower ionization tendency than hydrogen (H), with the additive having a lower melting point than the host material.

A device including an LED light source optically coupled to a phosphor selected from [Y,Gd,Tb,La,Sm,Pr,Lu].sub.3[Al,Ga].sub.5−aO.sub.12−3/2a:Ce.sup.3+ (wherein 0<a<0.5), beta-SiAlON:Eu.sup.2+, [Sr,Ca,Ba][Al,Ga,In].sub.2S.sub.4:Eu.sup.2+, alpha-SiAlON doped with Eu.sup.2+ and/or Ce.sup.3+, Ca.sub.1−h−rCe.sub.hEu.sub.rAl.sub.1−h[Mg,Zn].sub.hSiN.sub.3, (where 0<h<0.2, 0<r<0.2), Sr(LiAl.sub.3N.sub.4):Eu.sup.2+, [Ca,Sr]S:Eu.sup.2+ or Ce.sup.3+, [Ba,Sr,Ca].sub.bSi.sub.gN.sub.m:Eu.sup.2+ (wherein 2b+4g=3m), quantum dot materials, and combinations thereof; and a green-emitting U.sup.6+-doped phosphor having a composition selected from the group consisting of U.sup.6+-doped phosphate-vanadate phosphors, U.sup.6+-doped halide phosphors, U.sup.6+-doped oxyhalide phosphors, U.sup.6+-doped silicate-germanate phosphors, U.sup.6+-doped alkali earth oxide phosphors, and combinations thereof, is presented.

A wavelength conversion member includes: a light-transmissive member; and a wavelength conversion material located on a surface of the light-transmissive member and including: a resin, a phosphor with a median particle diameter of 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less, wherein an amount of the phosphor in the wavelength conversion material is 165 parts by mass or more and 400 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the resin, and a filler with a median particle diameter of 5 μm or more and 40 μm or less, wherein an amount of the filler in the wavelength conversion material is 5 parts by mass or more and 90 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the resin. A mixture volume ratio of the phosphor and the filler to the resin is 0.5 or more and 1.0 or less.

Eutectic lithium chloride-cerium chloride (LiCl—CeCl.sub.3) compositions are described. An exemplary eutectic composition has about 75 mole % LiCl and about 25 mole % CeCl.sub.3. The eutectic compositions can have optical and/or scintillation properties. Also described are methods of preparing the eutectic compositions as well as methods of using radiation detectors including the eutectic compositions in the detection of radiation, including thermal neutrons.

The present invention relates to the field of luminescent crystals (LCs), and more specifically to Quantum Dots (QDs) of formula M.sup.1.sub.aM.sup.2.sub.bX.sub.c, wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification. The invention provides methods of manufacturing such luminescent crystals, particularly by dispersing suitable starting materials in the presence of a liquid and by the aid of milling balls; to compositions comprising luminescent crystals and to electronic devices, decorative coatings; and to intermediates comprising luminescent crystals.

A process for preparing a Mn.sup.+4 doped phosphor of formula I

A.sub.x[MF.sub.y]:Mn.sup.+4   I

includes gradually adding a first solution to a second solution gradually discharging the product liquor from the reactor while volume of the product liquor in the reactor remains constant;
wherein A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; x is the absolute value of the charge of the [MF.sub.y] ion; y is 5, 6 or 7.
The first solution includes a source of M and HF and the second solution includes a source of Mn to a reactor in the presence of a source of A.