A method for performing a surgical procedure includes planning a resection of a bone of a patient. A volume of the bone is removed according to the planned resection using a surgical tool. As the bone is removed, data corresponding to a shape and volume of the removed bone is tracked with a computer system operatively coupled to the surgical tool. A prosthesis is implanted onto the bone of the patient based on the tracked data corresponding to the shape of the removed bone.

An endoscope imaging system comprises a robotic controlled steerable catheter and an imaging device removably arranged in a tool channel of the catheter. One or more sensors or markers are configured to map a positional relation of the catheter with respect to an orientation of the imaging device. A controller drives the steerable catheter to manipulate the distal end thereof, while the imaging device acquires an image of a subject or sample. While the imaging device acquires the image, a processor calculates a change in positional relation of the catheter with respect to the orientation of the imaging device based on information provided by the one or more sensors or markers. An output unit provides an indication for remapping the orientation of the steerable catheter with respect to the orientation of the imaging device.

Disclosed is an apparatus for tracking and recording the movements of a person's jaw including a reference system with two parts to be fixed to the respective dental arches, an infra-red light projector, a video camera sensitive to infra-red light and a computerized system connected to the projector and to the video camera, wherein the projector projects patterns of points of light onto the face and onto the reference system and wherein the computerized system includes a processing unit configured to process the images taken by the video camera to calculate, for each of these, the distance of at least the points of light that are on the surface of the markers with respect to a pre-determined point with known coordinates, by way of a comparison of the image of the projected pattern with an image of a reference pattern.

A robot-assisted endoscope system and control methods thereof allow a user to perform intraluminal interventional procedures using a steerable sheath. A processor generates a ghost image based on a non-real-time insertion trajectory of the sheath, and a real-time image based on a real-time insertion trajectory for inserting an interventional tool through the sheath towards the target site. A display screen outputs navigation guidance data for informing a user how to manipulate the distal section of the sheath towards the target site such that the real-time image overlaps or coincides with at least part the ghost image and the real-time insertion trajectory becomes aligned with the non-real-time insertion trajectory.

In one embodiment, a catheter alignment system includes a catheter to be inserted into a body part, and including catheter electrodes to contact tissue at respective locations within the body part, a display, and processing circuitry to receive signals provided by the catheter, assess respective levels of contact of ones of the catheter electrodes with the tissue of the body part responsively to the received signals, find a direction in which the catheter should be moved to improve at least one of the respective levels of contact of at least one of the catheter electrodes responsively to the respective levels of contact of the ones of the catheter electrodes, and render to the display a representation of the catheter responsively to the received signals, and a direction indicator indicating the direction in which the catheter should be moved responsively to the found direction.

Markers, microwave probes, and related systems and methods are provided for localizing lesions within a patient's body, e.g., within a breast. The marker includes an energy converter e.g., one or more photodiodes, for transforming energy pulses striking the marker into electrical energy, a switch, e.g., FET, coupled to the photodiodes such that light from a probe cause the switch to open and close. A pair of antenna wires are coupled to the switch to provide an antenna, the switch configured to open and close when light strikes the photodiodes to modulate signals from the probe reflected by the antenna back to the probe to identify the location of the marker. The marker also includes an electro static discharge (ESD) protection device coupled to the switch to provide protection against an electrostatic discharge event.

An impedance reflector apparatus, systems, and methods are provided for detecting a marker implanted within tissue that includes a switch for changing a configuration of an antenna of the marker. The apparatus includes a set of transmit electrodes coupled to a signal generator for transmitting a drive current into tissue to generate an electromagnetic field around the marker, a set of receive electrodes configured to detect voltage signals within the tissue corresponding to the electromagnetic field, and a light source for delivering light pulses into the body to open and close the switch to change the configuration of the antenna of the marker. A processor coupled to the receive electrodes processes the detected voltage signals to identify changes in the electromagnetic field that are synchronized with the light pulses to determine whether the marker is operating properly.

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to systems, devices and methods for performing a surgical step or surgical procedure with visual guidance using an optical head mounted display. Aspects of the present disclosure relate to systems, devices and methods for displaying, placing, fitting, sizing, selecting, aligning, moving a virtual implant on a physical anatomic structure of a patient and, optionally, modifying or changing the displaying, placing, fitting, sizing, selecting, aligning, moving, for example based on kinematic information.

A method of assembling a surgical instrument is provided. The method comprises connecting a part with a first member, the first member extending between a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end including at least one mating surface disposed a selected distance from the distal end for engagement with a navigation component, the part having an opening and the distal end being inserted through the opening and translated to a selected position with the first member. Systems, spinal constructs and implants are disclosed.

Navigation systems, methods and software for assisting in determining whether a tool is properly installed on a surgical device. A protective packaging retains the tool and has a trackable feature. The trackable feature has a predetermined state defined relative to the tool and the trackable feature is detectable by a localizer. One or more controllers acquire the actual state of the tool based on the detected trackable feature and compare the actual state of the tool with an expected state of the tool, which is based on an expected condition in which the tool is properly mounted to the surgical device. Based on the comparison, the one or more controllers can determine whether the tool is properly mounted to the surgical device.