A patient reference device is provided for use during a medical procedure. The patient reference device includes a housing having a back side and a front side, at least three tracking markers attached to the front side of the housing, the housing extending around the at least three tracking markers and beyond a horizontal plane defined by tops of the at least three tracking markers, the housing terminating at a substantially continuous edge, and a sterile cover attached to the substantially continuous edge of the housing for covering the housing and the tracking markers.

A surgical clamp comprising two halves, each halve with an upper (2) and a lower portion (3), the lower portions forming two jaws (3) adapted to be in contact with a surgical site, one of the upper portions (2) being provided with a kinematic coupling mechanism (4, 5) and a passive circuit with a predetermined impedance value such that it is possible to identify different clamps because of their different impedances.

A fiducial marker and method for use in the navigation of a surgical procedure is described. The fiducial marker includes a means to readily guide a navigation probe and includes an upper surface with a sloped guide surface for guiding the probe, the upper surface further including a substantially centrally positioned well to receive at least part of the probe. The guide surface may alternatively be configured to align with a complementary portion of part of the navigation probe.

Systems and methods are disclosed in which changes in the position and/or orientation of an anatomical structure or of a surgical tool can be measured quantitatively during surgery. In some embodiments, the systems and methods disclosed herein can make use of inertial motion sensors to determine a position or orientation of an instrument or anatomy at different times and to calculate changes between different positions or orientations. In other embodiments, such sensors can be utilized in conjunction with imaging devices to correlate sensor position with anatomical landmarks, thereby permitting determination of absolute angular orientation of a landmark. Such systems and methods can facilitate real-time tracking of progress during a variety of procedures, including, e.g., spinal deformity correction, etc.

Some medical procedures may be assisted by an electromagnetic fiducial element assembly that is affixed to the body of a patient. The electromagnetic fiducial element assembly has a flexible substrate and an affixation mechanism such as an adhesive arranged to removably affix the electromagnetic fiducial element assembly to the body of a patient. The assembly also includes a housing coupled to the flexible substrate that partially or fully contains a first trackable electromagnetic element. A medically imagable structure is integrated with the electromagnetic fiducial element assembly. In the medical procedures, a medical image of a portion of the patient's body is captured, and a representation of the medically imagable structure is visually apparent in the medical image. When a medical device having a second trackable electromagnetic element is advanced into the body of the patient, the medical device, the first and second trackable electromagnetic elements are tracked with a sensor device and an image representing the medical device is formed in the captured medical image.

A spinal marking system includes a marker having a threaded member and a flexible member connected to the threaded member. The flexible member has a length longer than that of the threaded member. The system also includes a navigation tool having a shaft configured to connect to the threaded member. The navigation tool also includes a navigation array connected to the shaft. The navigation array having a plurality of fiducials that are configured to communicate with a robotic system.

A mediated-reality system for surgical applications incorporates pre-operative images and real-time captured images of a surgical site into a visualization presented on a head-mounted display worn by a surgeon during a surgical procedure. The mediated-reality system tracks the surgeon's head position and generates real-time images of the surgical site from a virtual camera perspective corresponding to the surgeon's head position to mimic the natural viewpoint of the surgeon. The mediated-reality system furthermore aligns the pre-operative images with the real-time images from the virtual camera perspective and presents a mediated-reality visualization of the surgical site with the aligned pre-operative three-dimensional images or a selected portion thereof overlaid on the real-time images representing the virtual camera perspective.

A device for providing a fiducial marker(s) within or near a target tissue (e.g. nodule, tumor or other) within a patient. The present teachings provide a device with a handle device, a catheter with a distal end and a proximal end coupled to the handle device, a needle slidably received within the catheter, and a stylet slidably received within the needle. The stylet includes a fiducial marker at a distal end of the stylet. The fiducial marker transitions from a first shape state to a second shape state upon expulsion from the distal end of the needle. The distal end of the stylet is mechanically disconnected from the proximal end of the fiducial marker during a fiducial marker delivery state.

The invention relates to a recalibration device (1) used during the acquisition of images of an anatomical area of a patient during robot-assisted surgery, including a body (3) made of radxoliacent material, which comprises fiducial markers (9) made of radiopaque material, said body (3) having a bearing surface (7) intended to be manually placed on a surface of said anatomical area of the patient. According to the invention, said fiducial markers (9) are arranged in a specific geometrical pattern enabling a certain detection of the positioning and orientation of the recalibration device (1) in a three-dimensional digital model built from the images derived from the acquisition of the anatomical area.

A surgical registration tool including a bone engagement structure comprising a distal condyle abutment structure, at least one posterior condyle abutment structure, a side condyle abutment structure, and an anterior shaft abutment structure. The distal condyle abutment structure includes a distal planar surface. The at least one posterior condyle abutment structure includes at least one planar surface extending distally from the distal planar surface and positioned perpendicular to the distal planar surface. The side condyle abutment structure includes a planar surface extending distally from the distal planar surface and positioned perpendicular to the distal planar surface and the at least one planar surface. The anterior shaft abutment structure extends distally from the distal planar surface and terminates at a distal tip. The registration tool also includes a handle coupled to the engagement structure and extending proximally therefrom, and a tracker array configured to couple to the handle.