The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline media comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae I, II and III, ##STR00001##
in which the parameters R.sup.1-R.sup.3, Z.sup.21, Z.sup.31, Z.sup.32 and rings A.sup.11, A.sup.12, A.sup.13, A.sup.21, A.sup.22, A.sup.31, and A.sup.32 are as defined herein, and to components comprising these media for high-frequency technology, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennas.

The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline media comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae I, II and III, ##STR00001##
in which the parameters R.sup.1-R.sup.3, Z.sup.21, Z.sup.31, Z.sup.32 and rings A.sup.11, A.sup.12, A.sup.13, A.sup.21, A.sup.22, A.sup.31, and A.sup.32 are as defined herein, and to components comprising these media for high-frequency technology, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennas.

A nematic liquid crystal composition has negative dielectric anisotropy and contains at least one polar compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (1) as a first additive, and the liquid crystal display device includes the composition. In formula (1), R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons or the like; R.sup.2 is a group represented by OH, OR.sup.0, NH.sub.2, NHR.sup.0 or N(R.sup.0).sub.2, in which R.sup.0 is alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons; ring A and ring B are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene or the like; Z.sup.1 is a single bond or the like; Sp.sup.1 and Sp.sup.2 are independently a single bond, alkylene having 1 to 7 carbons or the like; and a is 0 to 4. ##STR00001##

A nematic liquid crystal composition has negative dielectric anisotropy and contains at least one polar compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (1) as a first additive, and the liquid crystal display device includes the composition. In formula (1), R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons or the like; R.sup.2 is a group represented by OH, OR.sup.0, NH.sub.2, NHR.sup.0 or N(R.sup.0).sub.2, in which R.sup.0 is alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons; ring A and ring B are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene or the like; Z.sup.1 is a single bond or the like; Sp.sup.1 and Sp.sup.2 are independently a single bond, alkylene having 1 to 7 carbons or the like; and a is 0 to 4. ##STR00001##

The present invention is an anthraquinone compound represented by formula (1) (in the formula. R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C12 linear or branched alkyl group, or a C1-C12 linear or branched alkoxy group, and R.sub.2 represents a substituent represented by: formula (a) (in formula (a), R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl group, a C1-C8 linear or branched alkoxy group, or a substituent represented by CH.sub.2OR.sub.4, where R.sub.4 represents a C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl group); or formula (b) (in formula (b). R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl group, or a substituent represented by CH.sub.2OR.sub.6, where R.sub.6 represents a C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl group)).

##STR00001##

The present invention is an anthraquinone compound represented by formula (1) (in the formula. R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C12 linear or branched alkyl group, or a C1-C12 linear or branched alkoxy group, and R.sub.2 represents a substituent represented by: formula (a) (in formula (a), R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl group, a C1-C8 linear or branched alkoxy group, or a substituent represented by CH.sub.2OR.sub.4, where R.sub.4 represents a C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl group); or formula (b) (in formula (b). R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl group, or a substituent represented by CH.sub.2OR.sub.6, where R.sub.6 represents a C1-C8 linear or branched alkyl group)).

##STR00001##

A liquid crystal cell according to the present invention includes: a TFT substrate including a first dielectric substrate, TFTs supported on the first dielectric substrate, and patch electrodes electrically connected to the TFTs; a slot substrate including a second dielectric substrate and a slot electrode including slots supported on the second dielectric substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the TFT substrate and the slot substrate which are arranged in a form in which the patch electrode and the slot electrode face each other; antenna units each including one of the patch electrodes and the slot electrode including at least one of the slots arranged corresponding to the one of the patch electrodes; and alignment films formed on surfaces of both of the TFT substrate and the slot substrate facing the liquid crystal layer, made of a polyimide-based resin, and having a relative dielectric constant of 3.8 or more.

A liquid crystal cell according to the present invention includes: a TFT substrate including a first dielectric substrate, TFTs supported on the first dielectric substrate, and patch electrodes electrically connected to the TFTs; a slot substrate including a second dielectric substrate and a slot electrode including slots supported on the second dielectric substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the TFT substrate and the slot substrate which are arranged in a form in which the patch electrode and the slot electrode face each other; antenna units each including one of the patch electrodes and the slot electrode including at least one of the slots arranged corresponding to the one of the patch electrodes; and alignment films formed on surfaces of both of the TFT substrate and the slot substrate facing the liquid crystal layer, made of a polyimide-based resin, and having a relative dielectric constant of 3.8 or more.

A liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound of the present invention has excellent characteristics of being able to prepare a PSA type liquid crystal display element with no problem of depositing in a wide temperature range, having high polymerization speed, high liquid crystal alignment regulation force after polymerization, excellent display qualities with no display unevenness, and excellent display characteristics with no defects in display characteristics such as image sticking and is appropriate as a liquid crystal composition in a practical use. Further, the liquid crystal display element with the above-described liquid crystal composition can be appropriately used for a PSA type liquid crystal display element.

A liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound of the present invention has excellent characteristics of being able to prepare a PSA type liquid crystal display element with no problem of depositing in a wide temperature range, having high polymerization speed, high liquid crystal alignment regulation force after polymerization, excellent display qualities with no display unevenness, and excellent display characteristics with no defects in display characteristics such as image sticking and is appropriate as a liquid crystal composition in a practical use. Further, the liquid crystal display element with the above-described liquid crystal composition can be appropriately used for a PSA type liquid crystal display element.