A nematic liquid crystal composition having a high Δn and a high Δε in a liquid crystal material that enables greater phase control over electromagnetic waves in the microwave or millimeter wave range, and a liquid crystal element, a sensor, a liquid crystal lens, an optical communication device, and an antenna including the nematic liquid crystal composition. Specifically, a liquid crystal composition containing one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (i) in the specification and one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (ii) in the specification, and having a high Δn and a high Δε.

To provide a liquid crystal composition having at least one or a suitable balance regarding two of characteristics such as high maximum or low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, large specific resistance, high stability to ultraviolet light or heat and a large elastic constant; and an AM device including the composition and having a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth. The liquid crystal composition contains a quencher as an additive component and a specific compound having large positive dielectric anisotropy as a first component, and a liquid crystal display device includes the composition. The composition may contain a specific compound having high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a second component, or a specific compound having negative dielectric anisotropy as a third component.

The present invention aims to provide a polymerizable compound that has high storage stability without causing crystal precipitation when added to a polymerizable composition and to provide a polymerizable composition containing the polymerizable compound. A polymer film produced by polymerization of the polymerizable composition has a low haze, high thickness uniformity, low occurrence of nonuniform orientation, high surface hardness, high adhesiveness, and good appearances and fewer orientation defects even after ultraviolet irradiation. The present invention also aims to provide a polymer produced by polymerization of the polymerizable composition and an optically anisotropic body produced from the polymer.

Provided is a polar compound having high chemical stability, high capability of aligning liquid crystal molecules, high solubility in a liquid crystal composition, and a large voltage holding ratio when used in a liquid crystal display device. The compound is represented by formula (1):

##STR00001##

in which, for example, R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 15 carbons; MES is a mesogen group having at least one ring; Sp.sup.1 is a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 are hydrogen; and R.sup.2 is a group represented by formulas (1a) to (1c):

##STR00002##

in which, Sp.sup.2 and Sp.sup.a are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; S.sup.1 is >CH—; S.sup.2 is >C<; and X.sup.1 is —OH.

A haptic actuator is provided. The haptic actuator comprises a housing having a top and a bottom and at least one sidewall between the top and bottom first and second permanent magnets carried by the top and bottom, respectively, of the housing, a field member carried by the housing and comprising at least one coil between the first and second permanent magnets, first and second ends; and optionally, one or more mechanical stiffeners carried by the top of the housing, the bottom of the housing, or both. The haptic actuator comprises a polymer composition that has a melting temperature of about 250° C. or more and a tensile modulus of about 16,000 MPa or more as determined in accordance with ISO 527:2019 at a temperature of 23° C.

A polar compound has a high chemical stability, high ability to align liquid crystal molecules and high solubility in a liquid crystal composition, and causes no decrease of liquid crystallinity of the liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal composition contains the compound, and a liquid crystal display device includes the composition. The compound is represented by formula (1), the composition contains the compound, and the liquid crystal display device uses the composition. ##STR00001## In formula (1), R.sup.1 is alkyl having 3 to 15 carbons, alkenyl having 4 to 15 carbons or the like; a is an integer from 2 to 12; and R.sup.2 is a group represented by formula (1a), formula (1b) or formula (1c). ##STR00002## In the formulas, S.sup.1 and S.sup.2 are independently a single bond, alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; S.sup.3 is >CH— or >N—; S.sup.4 is >C< or >Si<; and X.sup.1 is —OH, —NH.sub.2 or the like.

A problem of the present invention is to provide a polymerizable compound and a polymerizable composition which cause little decrease in retardation and discoloration when a film-shaped polymer produced by polymerization is irradiated with ultraviolet/visible light for a long time at high temperature. A further problem is to provide a polymer produced by polymerizing the polymerizable composition and an optically anisotropic body using the polymer. As a result, a compound useful as a component of a polymerizable composition was obtained. An optically anisotropic body using a polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing the compound of the present invention is useful for application to an optical film and the like.

Provided are a thermoplastic polymer capable of reducing a dielectric dissipation factor in high frequency bands and a film thereof. The thermoplastic liquid crystal polymer includes repeating units represented by the following formulae (I), (II), (III) and (IV), in which a molar ratio of a total amount of the repeating units represented by formulae (I) and (II) to a total amount of all the repeating units in the thermoplastic liquid crystal polymer is 50 to 90 mol %, and a molar ratio of the repeating unit represented by formula (III) to the repeating unit represented by formula (IV) is the former/the latter=23/77 to 77/23.

The present invention relates to an actuator that has a specific structure, and is molded from a resin composition, in which the resin composition contains a liquid crystal polyester having a specific repeating unit and a filling material, an amount of the repeating unit including a 2,6-naphthylene group is 40 mol % or more with respect to a total number of moles of all repeating units configuring the liquid crystal polyester, and an amount of the filling material is less than 55 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the liquid crystal polyester and the filling material.

Provided is a liquid crystal compound that can obtain a high-speed response and a sufficient contrast ratio in switching of a display device. A compound represented by formula (1) described below is utilized.

##STR00001##

In formula (1), ring A is naphthylene, phenantolylene or anthracenylene, and in the groups, at least one piece of hydrogen may be replaced by halogen, —CH.sub.3, —C.sub.2H.sub.5, —CF.sub.3, —CHF.sub.2, —CH.sub.2F, —OCF.sub.3, —OCHF.sub.2 or —OCH.sub.2F; and X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, X.sup.5, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, Y.sup.4 and Y.sup.5 are independently hydrogen or fluorine, but at least two or more of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, X.sup.5, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, Y.sup.4 and Y.sup.5 is fluorine.