Arrangements for phosphorescent blue emissive materials, layers, and devices are provided. The arrangements include a host having first a triplet energy level of at least 2.8 eV and an absolute difference of not more than 0.3 eV between the first singlet and triplet energy levels, and an emitter that includes an emissive transition metal complex and a first triplet energy level of at least 2.7 eV.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula ##STR00001##
a process for their production and their use in electronic devices, especially electroluminescent devices. When used as host material for phosphorescent emitters in electroluminescent devices, the compounds of formula I may provide improved efficiency, stability, manufacturability, or spectral characteristics of electroluminescent devices.

Complexes and devices, such as organic light emitting devices and full color displays, including a compound of the formula wherein: M is Pd.sup.2+, Ir.sup.+, Rh.sup.+, or Au.sup.3+; each of V.sup.1, V.sup.2, V.sup.3, and V.sup.4 is coordinated to M and is independently N, C, P, B, or Si; each of L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, and L.sup.4 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, carbene, or N-heterocyclic carbene; and Z is O, S, NR, CR.sub.2, SiR.sub.2, BR, PR, where each R is independently substituted or unsubstituted C1-C4 alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl.

The present invention generally discloses an organic optoelectronic material and organic electroluminescent (herein referred to as organic EL) device, organic photovoltaics (herein referred to as OPV) device and organic thin-film transistor (herein referred to as OTFT) device using the organic optoelectronic material. More specifically, the present invention relates to the organic optoelectronic material formula (1), and an organic EL device, OPV device and OTFT device employing the organic optoelectronic material can improve performance.

The present invention provides an organic thin film light emitting device having high luminous efficiency and durable life realized by using a benzindolocarbazole derivative as represented by either general formula (1-1) or (1-2) given below: [Chemical compound 1] wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.24 may be identical to or different from each other and are selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocyclic group, amino group, alkenyl group, cycloalkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, aryl ether group, aryl thioether group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, halogen atom, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, silyl group, and —P(═O)R.sup.25R.sup.26; R.sup.25 and R.sup.26 represent either an aryl group or a heteroaryl group; R.sup.25 and R.sup.26 may be condensed to form a ring; L.sup.1 to L.sup.4 independently represent a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group; and A.sup.1 to A.sup.4 independently represent an amino group, aryl group, heterocyclic group, or heteroaryl group.

The present invention relates to metal complexes and to electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, comprising these metal complexes.

Described herein are molecules for use in organic light emitting diodes. Example molecules comprise at least one acceptor moiety A, at least one donor moiety D, and optionally one or more bridge moieties B. Each moiety A is covalently attached to either the moiety B or the moiety D, each moiety D is covalently attached to either the moiety B or the moiety A, and each moiety B is covalently attached to at least one moiety A and at least one moiety D. Values and preferred values of moieties A, D, and B are defined herein.

Metal carbene complexes comprising at least one imidazo-quinoxaline ligand, organic electronic devices, especially OLEDs (Organic Light-Emitting Diodes) which comprise such complexes, a light-emitting layer comprising at least one inventive metal carbene complex, an apparatus selected from the group consisting of illuminating elements, stationary visual display units and mobile visual display units comprising such an OLED, the use of such a metal carbene complex for electrophotographic photoreceptors, photoelectric converters, organic solar cells (organic photovoltaics), switching elements, organic light emitting field effect transistors (OLEFETs), image sensors, dye lasers and electroluminescent devices and a process for preparing such metal carbene complexes.

Disclosed herein are articles and devices, such as photo-selective films, which may be used to influence the growth of photosynthetic organisms. These article and devices may comprise one or more compounds of Formula (I) and/or Formula (II), along with one or more optional auxiliary dyes. Methods of controlling the growth of plants and for the manufacture of said articles and devices are also disclosed herein.

This invention relates to the development of heterocyclic materials for use as blue phosphorescent materials in OLED devices. The materials are based on a pair of 5-membered aromatic or psuedoaromatic rings bonded to one another and complexed to a transition metal. The materials were determined computationally to have appropriate triplet energies for use as blue emitters and to possess sufficient chemical stability for use in devices.