A condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1:

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wherein, in Formula 1, groups and variables are the same as described in the specification.

Novel iridium complexes containing a tetradentate or a hexadentate ligand, wherein a part of the ligand that is coordinated to iridium comprise an acetylacetonate structure. These complexes are useful as emitters for phosphorescent OLEDs.

An organic electroluminescent device includes a pair of electrodes; and an organic layer between the pair of electrodes, which includes a light-emitting layer, wherein the organic layer contains a compound represented by the following formula (I); and the light-emitting layer contains a iridium complex phosphorescent material:

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wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and contiguous substituents of R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 may be bonded to each other to form a condensed ring; R.sup.9 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a hetero-aryl group, or a silyl group, and each of which group may be substituted with a substituent; and at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.9 represents a deuterium atom or a substituent containing a deuterium atom.

A composition comprising a diarylethene photochromic anodic species, a cathodic species and an electrolyte that comprises a supporting electrolyte and a solvent. Electrochromic devices such as optical filters are prepared from such compositions.

Provided is a novel heterocyclic compound which can be used as a host material for dispersing a light-emitting material in a light-emitting layer of a light-emitting element. Further provided is a light-emitting element which is driven at a low voltage and has high current efficiency. By including the light-emitting element, a light-emitting device, an electronic device, and a lighting device each with reduced power consumption are provided. The light-emitting element contains a compound in which a dibenzo[f,h]quinoline ring and a hole-transport skeleton are bonded through an arylene group. The light-emitting device, the electronic device, and the lighting device each including the light-emitting element are provided. The light-emitting element contains a heterocyclic compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (G1). ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a condensed fluorene derivative comprising a hetero ring, and, more specifically, relates to an intermediate for producing a hetero-ring compound able to exhibit the outstanding element characteristic of a long life and outstanding luminance and light-emission efficiency when used as an organic light-emitting material.

The present invention relates to metal complexes and to electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, comprising these metal complexes.

The organic electroluminescent element prevents degradation of phosphorescent luminescent organic metal complexes in a light emitting layer, has a long life, and has superior color stability during continuously drive. The organic electroluminescent element has a blue light emitting layer with a phosphorescent light emitting organometallic complex (A) with a local maximum phosphorescent light emission wavelength on the short wave side of 480 nm or less, a phosphorescent light emitting organometallic complex (B), and a host compound. The content of complex (A) is greater than the content of the complex (B). The complex (A) and the host are such that a single layer made from complex (A) and the host compound, the value for the ratio ((D)/(C)) of the percent of remaining luminescence (C) which UV irradiation with a wavelength of 365 nm and the percent of remaining luminescence (D) with UV irradiation by a HgXe light source is 0.75-0.95.

The present invention relates to a novel indole-based compound having excellent hole injection and transport capabilities, light-emitting capabilities, and the like, and an organic electroluminescence device which includes the indole-based compound in one or more organic material layers thereof so as to improve characteristics such as light-emitting efficiency, driving voltage, and lifespan.

According to the present invention, there are provided a benzopyridoindole derivative represented by the following general formula (1); and an organic EL element including a pair of electrodes and at least one organic layer sandwiched therebetween, wherein the above derivative is used as a constituent material for the at least one organic layer. The benzopyridoindole derivative of the present invention is excellent in electron injection/transport performance, has hole blocking capability, is highly stable in a thin film state, and excels in various characteristics. Thus, it is useful as a material for an organic EL element with a high efficiency, a low driving voltage, and high durability. ##STR00001##