The present disclosure provides a new series of compounds exhibiting high fluorescence quantum yields in the solid state. In one embodiment, the compounds include a series of 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylgermoles with the same or different 1,1-substituents. In another embodiment, substituted germafluorenes, germa-fluoresceins/rhodamines, and germapins are described. These germanium heterocycles possess ideal photophysical and thermostability properties, which makes them excellent candidates for chemical or biological sensors, host materials for electroluminescent devices and solar cells, and emissive and/or electron-transport layer components in organic light emitting diode devices.

This application relates in part to an organic electroluminescent element including a substrate, a pair of electrodes including an anode and a cathode, disposed on the substrate, and an organic layer(s) including a light emitting layer, in which the organic layer(s) contains a compound represented by the following formula (1), in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 are each hydrogen or a substituent, at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 and at least one of R.sup.5 to R.sup.8 are each a substituent represented by the formula (2); R.sup.9 to R.sup.12, Z.sup.1 to Z.sup.4, Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, and L.sup.1 are as defined herein. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are a heterocyclic compound and an organic light emitting device including the same.

A composition of materials including a first compound having a structure according to Formula I ##STR00001##

A method for preparing a sensitizing material and an organic light emitting diode are provided, the method including: adding C.sub.24H.sub.16Br.sub.2P.sub.2 and dichloromethane to a hydrogen peroxide solution to react therewith, dissolving a reactant in a dichloromethane solution and subjecting the solution to a purification with a first silica gel column; adding a purified product, a predetermined electron donor material, palladium acetate, and tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate in sodium tert-butoxide and toluene to react; extracting with dichloromethane and purified by a second silica gel column.

Tridentate platinum, palladium, and gold complexes of Formulas A-I and A-II and tridentate iridium and rhodium compounds of Formulas B-I, B-II, and B-III suitable for delayed fluorescent and phosphorescent or phosphorescent emitters in display and lighting applications. ##STR00001## ##STR00002##

Described herein are molecules for use in organic light emitting diodes. Example molecules comprise at least one moiety A and at least one moiety D. Values and preferred values of the moieties A and D are described herein. The molecules comprise at least one atom selected from Si, Se, Ge, Sn, P, or As.

The objective of the invention is to provide a polycyclic aromatic compound in which solubility to a solvent, film formability, wet coatability, thermal stability, and in-plane orientation are improved. This objective is achieved by alight emission layer-forming composition comprising: as a first component, at least one type of dopant material selected from the group consisting of polycyclic aromatic compounds represented by general formula (A) and polycyclic aromatic oligomer compounds including a plurality of structures represented by general formula (A); as a second component, a specific low-molecular-weight host material; and, as a third component, at least one type of organic solvent. In formula (A), ring A, ring B, and ring C each independently represent an aryl ring or a hetero aryl ring, Y.sup.1 is B, and X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each independently represent O or N—R wherein at least one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is N—R.

##STR00001##

Disclosed is a fluorescent compound as represented by general formula I, or a salt, an enantiomer, a diastereomer, a tautomer, a solvate or a polymorph thereof, having the structure (I); wherein m and n are each an integer between 0-10; and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are each independently selected from the group of hydrogen, phenyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, an ester group, a boric acid group, a borate group, and a 3 to 7 membered ring substituted with one or more boric acid groups or borate groups, and at least one of Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 is a boron-containing group. The compound has the characteristics of a high fluorescence intensity and a high sensitivity.

Disclosed is a long-afterglow luminescent material, comprising A) at least one light-absorbing agent, B) at least one luminescent agent, and C) at least one photochemical cache agent. The light-absorbing agent and the luminescent agent are compounds having different structures, and the cache agent is selected from one or more compounds of formula (I), (II) and/or (III).

##STR00001##

The material has luminescent intensity reaching the level of commercialized inorganic long-afterglow powder SrAl.sub.2O.sub.4:Eu.sup.2+, Dy.sup.3+, and can emit light when the exciting light is turned off with a light emitting time up to 100 ms to 3600 s.