A medical stand may include a first link, a second link parallel to the first link, a third link connected between one end of the first link and one end of the second link, a fourth link parallel to the third link and connected between the other end of the first link and the other end of the second link, a mounting arm extending from the other end of the first link, a variable balancing arm connected to at least one of the second link or the third link, a counterweight provided at a distal end of the variable balancing arm, a detector detecting a displacement of at least one of the first link, the second link, the third link, or the fourth link, and a controller generating the control signal to adjust the center-of-gravity position of the variable balancing arm in accordance with the displacement detected by the detector.

Described herein is a surgical device configured for performing minimally invasive surgical procedures through a single incision via an introducer that allows one or more robotic main arm and two to four robotic secondary arms to be inserted into the insufflated surgical site. The main arm is capable of being inserted into and withdrawn from the insufflated surgical site autonomously, having the surgical tool at its distal end replaced autonomously, having five degrees of freedom, and having a diameter larger than that of a secondary arm. The secondary arms are capable of being inserted into and withdrawn from the insufflated surgical site autonomously and having four degrees of freedom. In the preferred embodiment the introducer is configured to allow one main arm and four secondary arms. In other embodiments the introducer allows for one or more main arms of varying diameters and one or more secondary arms of a smaller diameter.

The invention relates to a method for observing an object (33) using a medical observation apparatus (1), such as a microscope (3), a non-transient computer readable storage medium (95) and a medical observation apparatus (1). Solutions of the art are expensive, bulky and prevents further usage of a microscope (3) is e.g. a robotic arm has a malfunction. The inventive method and medical observation apparatus (1) solves those problems by directing an optical assembly (7) to an object (33) located in a field of view (31), and by keeping the object (33) in focus when the optical assembly (7) is manually shifted, essentially perpendicularly to a viewing axis (17) of the optical assembly (7). The inventive apparatus (1) comprises an optical assembly (7) providing an optical viewing axis (17) and a lens adjustment assembly (29) which is configured to direct the optical assembly (7) to the object (33) in dependence on position data (65).

A mechanical teleoperated device for remote manipulation includes a slave unit having a number of slave links interconnected by a plurality of slave joints; an end-effector connected to the slave unit; a master unit having a corresponding number of master links interconnected by a plurality of master joints; and a handle connected to a distal end of the master unit. The device further includes first device arranged to kinematically connect the slave unit with the master unit, second device arranged to kinematically connect the end-effector with the handle, and a mechanical constraint device configured to ensure that one master link of the master unit is guided along its longitudinal axis so that the corresponding slave link of the slave unit always translates along a virtual axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the guided master link in the vicinity of the remote manipulation when the mechanical teleoperated device is operated.

Apparatus (10) for generating motion around a remote center of motion (RCM), comprising a distal link (L12) arranged to revolve about the remote center of motion and to translate through the remote center of motion, a proximal link (L10) arranged to revolve about a proximal center of motion (LCM), coupled to a base link (L1), through a rotational joint (150) and a sliding joint (181), a first mechanism comprising a first link (L9) pivotally coupled to the proximal link (L10) and to the distal link (L12) and operable to transfer motion of the proximal link relative to the proximal center of motion to a motion of the distal link relative to the remote center of motion by maintaining a parallelogram (PAR1), and a second mechanism operable to move the first link with two degrees of freedom in a plane parallel to the plane of motion of the proximal link, characterized in that the second mechanism comprises one link or a serial connection of links (L4, L8, L3, L7, L2, L6) connecting the base link to the first link, configured to have an orientation of instant motion which is different from an orientation of instant motion of the proximal link (L10), relative to the base link.

Provided is a medical observation device including: a microscope section that images a surgical site; a holding section that holds the microscope section on a tip end side; a base section to which a base end of the holding section is connected; and an operation section that is provided at the base section for performing various kinds of operating input.

A passive end effector of a surgical system includes a base, a first mechanism, and a second mechanism. The base attaches to an end effector coupler of a robot arm positioned by a surgical robot. The first mechanism extends between a rotatable connection to the base and a rotatable connection to a tool attachment mechanism. The second mechanism extends between a rotatable connection to the base and a rotatable connection to the tool attachment mechanism. The first and second mechanisms pivot about the rotatable connections to constrain movement of the tool attachment mechanism to a range of movement within a working plane. The tool attachment mechanism is configured to connect to a surgical saw including a saw blade for cutting.

Method and system allowing more accurate detection and identification of unwanted arcing include novel processing of signal voltage representing recovered power-line current. In one implementation, arc-faults are detected based on numerical analysis where individual cycles of line voltage and current are observed and data collected during each cycle is processed to estimate likelihood of presence of arc-event within each individual cycle based on pre-defined number of arc-events occurring within pre-defined number of contiguous cycles. In another implementation, fast transient current spikes detection can be done by: computing difference values between consecutive line-current samples collected over a cycle, average of differences, and peak-to-peak value of line-current; comparing each difference value to average of difference; comparing each difference value to peak-to-peak value; and, based on calculation of composite of two comparisons, using thresholds to determine if arcing is present within processed cycle.

Various embodiments concern locking release mechanisms that allow an articulated support arm to be moved between various vertical orientations. A locking release mechanism may include a handle release mechanism positioned within the handle of the articulated support arm, and a gas spring release mechanism positioned within the body of the articulated support arm. The articulated support arm can include a gas spring that remains locked until the handle release mechanism is activated, e.g. by applying pressure to a grip actuator. Other embodiments concern cable management techniques for articulated support arms. Oftentimes, an articulated support arm will include cables routed through the arm that are configured to support an attachment. For example, the cable(s) may be adapted for audio signals, video signals, power, etc. The cable(s) can be readily cleaned and/or serviced when routed through an articulated support arm composed of one or more removable pieces.

An embodiment in accordance with the present invention provides a remote center of motion robot. The RCM here is a parallelogram bar type RCM mechanism with a novel joint arrangement. The novel joint arrangement facilitates the mounting of the medical instrument and offers improved clearance relative to the patient. Moreover, the robot was built to guide a bone biopsy cannula, needle, or drill. Even though exact interventional values are unknown, it is expected that the forces exerted laterally on the needle-guide are higher than those encountered for slender needle insertion into soft tissue. For this, the RCM has been built with novel structure to enhance stiffness.