The present disclosure relates to a process for the conversion of biomass to crude bio-oil. Phycocyanin is extracted from the biomass to form phycocyanin extracted biomass (PEB) and subjecting the PEB to HTL conversion to obtain crude bio-oil. PEB results in improved yield of crude bio-oil as compared to the crude bio-oil yield from biomass without first extracting the phycocyanin from the biomass.

A process for the hydrotreatment of a feed obtained from renewable sources in which the total stream of feed F is divided into a number of different part-streams of feed F1 to Fn equal to the number of catalytic zones n, where n is 1 to 10. The mass flow rate of hydrogen sent to the first catalytic zone represents more than 80% by weight of the total mass flow rate of hydrogen used. The effluent from the reactor outlet undergoes at least one separation step. A portion of the liquid fraction is recycled to the catalytic zones in a manner such that the local recycle ratio for each of the beds is 2 or less, and the local dilution ratio over each of the beds is less than 4.

The present invention provides a process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a solid biomass feedstock, said process comprising the steps of: a) providing in a first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel a first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition; b) contacting the solid biomass feedstock with said first hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and molecular hydrogen in said first hydropyrolysis reactor vessel to produce a product stream comprising partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product, H.sub.2O, H.sub.2, CO.sub.2, CO, C.sub.1-C.sub.3 gases, char and catalyst fines; c) removing said char and catalyst fines from said product stream; d) hydroconverting said partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product in a hydroconversion reactor vessel in the presence of one or more hydroconversion catalyst and of the H.sub.2O, CO.sub.2, CO, H.sub.2, and C.sub.1-C.sub.3 gas generated in step a), to produce a vapor phase product comprising substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon product, H.sub.2O, CO, CO.sub.2, and C.sub.1-C.sub.3 gases.

A method for deoxygenating renewable oils comprised of natural oils or greases or derivatives thereof containing triglycerides or free fatty acids includes the steps of: providing a catalyst comprising a support predominantly comprised of alumina with metal compounds provided on the support based on Mo and at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni and Co, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Cu and Cr, and contacting the renewable oils with the catalyst under conditions sufficient to deoxygenate the renewable oils.

A method for producing ketones includes a) providing a feedstock of biological origin having fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives having an average chain length of 24 C-atoms or less; b) subjecting the feedstock to a catalytic ketonisation reaction in the presence of aK2O/TiO2-catalyst; and c) obtaining from the ketonisation reaction a product stream having ketones, which ketones have a longer average hydrocarbon chain length than the average hydrocarbon chain length in the feedstock, wherein step b) is carried out directly on the feedstock and in the presence of the K2O/TiO2-catalyst as the sole catalyst applied in the ketonisation reaction.

A system and method of presulfurizing a catalyst. The presulfurizing of the catalyst includes contacting the catalyst with elemental sulfur, an olefin, and a triglyceride to form a mixture, and heating the mixture to give a presulfurized catalyst.

The present application relates to a process for production of hydrocarbons comprising the steps ofconverting a feed stream comprising alcohols, ethers or mixtures hereof over a metal-containing zeolite based catalyst, active in dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, in a conversion step thereby obtaining a conversion effluent, separating said effluent to obtain an aqueous process condensate stream, a liquid hydrocarbon stream and a gaseous stream, removing part of the hydrogen formed in the conversion step, and recycling at least part of the gaseous and/or liquid hydrocarbon stream to the conversion step.

The present invention provides a composition comprising 10-40 mass! of C.sub.8-30 linear alkanes, up to 20 mass % of C.sub.7-20 aromatic hydrocarbons, at least 90 mass % of which are monoaromatic, and no more than 1 massl in total of oxygen containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C.sub.8-30 alkanes in the composition is 50-95 mass % (and the total amount of C.sub.8-30 alkanes, C.sub.7-20 aromatic hydrocarbons and C.sub.8-30 cycloalkanes is at least 95 massl; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also provided is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

A process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a biomass-containing feedstock and/or a biomass-derived feedstock is provided. The process comprises:

a) contacting the feedstock with a hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and molecular hydrogen in a hydropyrolysis reactor vessel to produce a product stream comprising a deoxygenated hydrocarbon product, H.sub.2O, H.sub.2, CO.sub.2, CO, C.sub.1-C.sub.3 gases, char and catalyst fines;

b) removing char and catalyst fines from said product stream;

c) cooling the remaining product stream to a temperature of no more than 300? C.; and

d) hydroconverting all or a portion of said deoxygenated hydrocarbon product in a hydroconversion reactor in the presence of one or more catalyst compositions suitable for the aromatic saturation of the deoxygenated hydrocarbon product and of the H.sub.2O, CO.sub.2, CO, H.sub.2, and C.sub.1-C.sub.3 gas generated in step a), to produce a product comprising C.sub.4+ hydrocarbon product, H.sub.2O, CO, CO.sub.2, and C.sub.1-C.sub.3 gases.

A process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a biomass-containing feedstock and/or a biomass-derived feedstock is provided. The process comprises: a) contacting the feedstock with a hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and molecular hydrogen in a hydropyrolysis reactor vessel to produce a product stream comprising a partially deoxygenated hydrocarbon product, H.sub.2O, H.sub.2, CO.sub.2, CO, C.sub.1-C.sub.3 gases, char and catalyst fines; b) removing char and catalyst fines from said product stream; c) cooling the remaining product stream to a temperature in the range of from 150 to 400? C.; and d) hydroconverting said partially deoxygenated hydrocarbon product in a hydroconversion reactor in the presence of one or more catalyst compositions suitable for hydrodeoxygenation and aromatic saturation of the partially deoxygenated hydrocarbon product in the presence of H.sub.2O, CO.sub.2, CO, H.sub.2, and C.sub.1-C.sub.3 gas generated in step a), to produce a vapour phase product comprising a C.sub.4+ hydrocarbon product.