This invention relates to a process for the conversion of a feedstock comprising a lignin-comprising material, comprising the steps (a) to (c): (a) charging the feedstock to a fluidized bed reactor; (b) pyrolyzing at least part of the feedstock in the fluidized bed reactor while introducing a carrier gas into the reactor, to produce pyrolysis vapours; (c) reacting at least part of the pyrolysis vapours coming from step (b) in a second reactor comprising a catalyst, to produce hydrocarbon products comprising aromatics.

A new catalyst hydroisomerizes C18 paraffins from fatty acids to a high degree to produce a composition with acceptable freeze point which retains 18 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule for jet fuel. We have discovered a fuel composition comprising at least 14 wt % hydrocarbon molecules having at least 18 carbon atoms and a freeze point not higher than −40° C. The composition also may exhibit a exhibiting a final boiling point of no more than 300° C. The hydroisomerization process can be once through or a portion of the product diesel stream may be selectively hydrocracked or recycled to hydroisomerization to obtain a fuel composition that meets jet fuel specifications.

A method for converting an alcohol to a hydrocarbon fraction reduced in gaseous hydrocarbon content, the method comprising: (i) contacting said alcohol with a metal-loaded zeolite catalyst under conditions suitable for converting said alcohol to a first hydrocarbon fraction containing liquid hydrocarbons having at least five carbon atoms along with gaseous hydrocarbons having less than five carbon atoms, wherein said metal-loaded zeolite catalyst is catalytically active for converting said alcohol to said first hydrocarbon fraction; and (ii) selectively removing said gaseous hydrocarbons from the first hydrocarbon fraction and contacting said gaseous hydrocarbons with a metal-loaded zeolite catalyst under conditions suitable for converting said gaseous hydrocarbons into liquid hydrocarbons having at least five carbon atoms to produce a second hydrocarbon fraction reduced in gaseous hydrocarbon content, wherein the metal-loaded zeolite catalyst in steps (i) and (ii) are the same or different.

A process is provided for the catalytic cracking of a glyceride oil feedstock with a catalyst composition containing a deactivated phosphorus-containing ZSM-5 light olefins selective additive.

The invention provides a process for the preparation of an olefinic product, the comprising: (a) reacting an oxygenate to produce an effluent stream, comprising at least oxygenate, olefin, water and acidic by-products; (b) cooling the effluent stream by means of an indirect heat exchange to a temperature greater than the dew point temperature of effluent stream; (c) further rapidly cooling the effluent stream to a temperature at or lower than the dew point temperature of the reaction effluent stream by direct injection of a first aqueous liquid into the effluent stream, to form a quench effluent stream; (d) separating the first quench effluent stream into a liquid quench stream and a gaseous quench stream; and passing the gaseous quench stream into a quench tower and contacting the gaseous quench stream with a second aqueous liquid, to produce a quench tower gaseous stream comprising the olefinic product.

Provided is a method for producing bio-aromatic compounds from glycerol. The method uses a primary alcohol, secondary alcohol or a combination thereof as a mixing medium in converting glycerol into an aromatic compound, and thus overcomes the high viscosity of glycerol and improves the problem of rapid catalytic deactivation, thereby increasing the yield of aromatic compounds and improving the stability of catalyst. In addition, the method for producing bio-aromatic compounds uses a zeolite-based catalyst that is a kind of solid acid catalysts, and suggests optimum reaction conditions, and thus imparts a high added value to glycerol produced as a byproduct in a biodiesel production process and increases the cost-efficiency of process.

A metal-zeolite composition comprising: (i) a zeolite phase; and (ii) a metal, other than aluminum or silicon, nanoscopically dispersed throughout said zeolite phase, wherein, if agglomerations of said metal are present, the agglomerations have a size of no more than 1 micron, wherein the zeolite may be, for example, a dealuminated zeolite, and the metal may be selected from transition metals, main group metals, and lanthanide metals. Also described herein is a method for producing the metal-zeolite composition in which a zeolite phase and metal salt are mixed and ground by a solvent-less ball milling process to produce an initial mixture, and calcining the initial mixture to produce the metal-zeolite composition. Further described herein is a method for converting an oxygen-containing organic species to a hydrocarbon, the method comprising contacting the species with the above described metal-loaded zeolite catalyst at a temperature of at least 100° C. and up to 550° C.

A system for processing a renewable bio-based material comprising: a reactor, a feedstock substantially renewable and comprising triglycerides and free fatty acids, with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor to form a treated oil; a heat exchanger for receiving the treated oil from the reactor and reducing its temperature to a predetermined temperature; a high-pressure separator followed by a low-pressure separator; and (i) a distillation unit for passing the treated oil through to form green diesel and an adsorption unit for passing the green diesel through; or (ii) at least one distillation column to separate the treated oil into at least one component and an adsorption column for passing the at least one component through; wherein the reactor comprises a cooling function for controlling the temperature of the reactor; wherein the cooling function is an internal cooling function comprising adding a cooling substance into the reactor.

Methods are provided for formulation of catalysts with improved catalyst exposure lifetimes under oxygenate conversion conditions. In various additional aspects, methods are described for performing oxygenate conversion reactions using such catalysts with improved catalyst exposure lifetimes. The catalyst formulation methods can include formulation of oxygenate conversion catalysts with binders that are selected from binders having a surface area of roughly 250 m.sup.2/g or less, or 200 m.sup.2/g or less. In various aspects, during formulation, a weak base can be added to the zeotype crystals, to the binder material, or to the mixture of the zeotype and the binder. It has been unexpectedly discovered that addition of a weak base, so that the weak base is present in at least one component of the binder mixture prior to formulation, can result in longer catalyst exposure lifetimes under methanol conversion conditions.

Systems and methods are provided for conversion of a combined feed of oxygenates (such as methanol or dimethyl ether) and olefins to a high octane naphtha boiling range product with a reduced or minimized aromatics content. The oxygenate conversion can be performed under conditions that reduce or minimize hydrogen transfer. Optionally, a catalyst that further facilitates formation of branched paraffins can be used, such as a catalyst that has some type of 12-member ring site available on the catalyst surface.