A fuel mixture includes a fuel and an octane overboosting additive. Methods of preparing and using such mixtures are disclosed. In particular, the mixture includes an additive that provides octane boosting that produces peak octane at or before a 40% blend and produces at least a 1 octane boost at 10% volume of additive to fuel mixture.

This disclosure relates to winterized pour point depressant compositions for petroleum fluids. Such compositions exhibit stability and are flowable at temperatures down to as low as −47° C., without the need for further dilution.

The formation in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel of ice particles having a weight average particle size greater than 1 μm when said liquid hydrocarbon fuel is cooled to temperatures in the range of from 0 to −50° C. can be reduced or eliminated by use of at least one surfactant that is capable of dispersing water in said liquid hydrocarbon fuel to provide a stable clear water-in-oil microemulsion wherein the droplet size of the dispersed water phase is no greater than 0.25 μm.

An apparatus for stable nano emulsion of water in diesel fuel, including: a diesel fuel feeding unit (2), a water feeding unit (3), a magnetite nano-particles feeding unit (4); a mixing tank (7) in fluid communication with the diesel fuel feeding unit (2), with the water feeding unit (3) and with the magnetite nano-particles feeding unit (4); a recirculation conduit (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) presenting opposite ends connected to the mixing tank (7). A pump (9) on the recirculation conduit (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) and configured to recirculate a mixture of diesel fuel (F), water (W) and magnetite nano-particles (MNP). A dynamic magnetic field generator (25) is operationally coupled to the recirculation conduit (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) and is configured to generate a dynamic magnetic field inside at least a section of the recirculation conduit (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) to activate the magnetite nano-particles.

An apparatus for stable nano emulsion of water in diesel fuel, including: a diesel fuel feeding unit (2), a water feeding unit (3), a magnetite nano-particles feeding unit (4); a mixing tank (7) in fluid communication with the diesel fuel feeding unit (2), with the water feeding unit (3) and with the magnetite nano-particles feeding unit (4); a recirculation conduit (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) presenting opposite ends connected to the mixing tank (7). A pump (9) on the recirculation conduit (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) and configured to recirculate a mixture of diesel fuel (F), water (W) and magnetite nano-particles (MNP). A dynamic magnetic field generator (25) is operationally coupled to the recirculation conduit (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) and is configured to generate a dynamic magnetic field inside at least a section of the recirculation conduit (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) to activate the magnetite nano-particles.

A method for treating petroleum, petroleum fraction, or natural gas, the process comprising: adding a) a first component which is selected from material, particularly roots, of a plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza, and/or an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and b) a second component which is selected from a plant material or -ingredient comprising plastids, algae and/or cyanobacteria,
to the petroleum, petroleum fraction, or natural gas.

The present invention relates to the use, for improving the detergency properties of a liquid fuel composition comprising one or more detergent additives, of an additive consisting of one or more hydrocarbon compound(s) comprising from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and two hydroxyl functions.

The present invention also relates to a method for improving the cleanliness of and/or for cleaning at least one inner portion of an internal combustion engine supplied with a liquid fuel comprising one or more detergent additives, wherein such a hydrocarbon compound is added to the fuel composition.

A fuel additive composition comprising an anthocyanidin; an amino acid; and a catalyst. The anthocyanidin may comprise delphinidin chloride. The amino acid may comprise aspartic acid, leucine acid, glutamic acid, a non-natural amino acid, or a combination thereof. Embodiments of the present invention also relate to a method for making of fuel additive, the method comprising: providing an anthocyanidin; contacting the anthocyanidin with an amino acid to form an anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture; contacting the anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture with a catalyst. The method may further comprise contacting the anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture with ethanol and/or an acid. The method may further comprise adjusting the pH of the anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture to less than 7.

A fuel additive composition comprising an anthocyanidin; an amino acid; and a catalyst. The anthocyanidin may comprise delphinidin chloride. The amino acid may comprise aspartic acid, leucine acid, glutamic acid, a non-natural amino acid, or a combination thereof. Embodiments of the present invention also relate to a method for making of fuel additive, the method comprising: providing an anthocyanidin; contacting the anthocyanidin with an amino acid to form an anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture; contacting the anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture with a catalyst. The method may further comprise contacting the anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture with ethanol and/or an acid. The method may further comprise adjusting the pH of the anthocyanidin-amino acid mixture to less than 7.

Use of a gasoline fuel composition comprising (a) a major portion of gasoline blending components (b) from 0 vol % to 25 vol % of oxygenated hydrocarbon and (c) from 0.01 vol % to 5 vol % of a diene compound for the purpose of increasing the injection duration at the end of a 48 hour deposit formation phase in a direct injection spark ignition engine by at least 10%.