The present invention provides a spark ignition fuel mixture, comprising: a) diethyl ether with a content from 33.3 to 50 vol % of the mixture; b) ethanol with a content of at least 27 vol % of the mixture; and c) water with a content of at least 6 vol % of the mixture and not exceeding the ethanol content; wherein the mixture remains in a form of homogeneous liquid at −40° C. The present invention also provides a method of making or handling the spark ignition fuel mixture.

A diesel fuel lubricant as a replacement for sulfur lubrication in Ultra-Low and Low Sulfur Diesel fuels, the process for producing said lubricant, and the method of using said lubricant. This lubricant comprises alpha-olefins; low odor aromatic solvents; and at least one a base oil selected from the base oil group consisting of hydroisomerized high base oils and HT Severe Hydro-cracked Base Oils; as well as other ingredients. Also disclosed is a method for producing this lubricant.

A fuel or fuel blending agent for an internal combustion engine includes a ketone compound that is a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 branched acyclic ketone, cyclopentanone, or a derivative of cyclopentanone. The ketone compound may be blended with a majority portion of a fuel selected from the group consisting of: gasoline, diesel, alcohol fuel, biofuel, renewable fuel, Fischer-Tropsch fuel, or combinations thereof. The ketone compound may be derived from biological sources. A method for powering an internal combustion engine with a fuel comprising the ketone compound is also provided.

Provided is a gasoline product containing a combustion improver, and a method for preparing the gasoline product. The combustion improver is added to gasoline to reduce an octane number and thus an ignition point of the gasoline, so that the gasoline product can be used in a compression ignition internal combustion engine. The combustion improver-containing gasoline product is a low-octane number gasoline, and is capable of being ignited through compression by an internal combustion engine having a compression ratio in the range from 12 to 22.

Gasoline fuel and method of making and using it. The fuel comprises from 5 to 20 vol.-% paraffinic hydrocarbons originating from biological oils, fats, or derivatives or combinations thereof. Further, it comprises oxygenates, such as ethanol present in a concentration of about 5 to 15 vol.-%; or iso-butanol present in a concentration of 5 to 20 vol.-%, preferably about 10 to 17 vol.-%; or ETBE present in a concentration of 7 to 25 vol.-%, preferably about 15 to 22 vol.-%. The bioenergy content of the gasoline is at least 14 Energy equivalent percentage (E.sub.eqv-%) calculated based on the heating values given in the European Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC. By means of the invention, fuels with a high bioenergy content are provided which can be used in conventional gasoline-fuelled automotive engines.

A biomass-based long-chain alcohol ether oxygenated additive and a preparation method and application thereof are disclosed. The additive used agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials, and has a general chemical formula of R—(O—C.sub.1-3).sub.n—R—OH. The preparation method includes the following steps: step 1, performing drying pretreatment on biomass raw materials, performing rapid pyrolysis under an inert atmosphere to obtain a pyrolysis product containing water, gases, water-phase bio-oil and oil-phase bio-oil, separating out the water-phase bio-oil and performing catalytic hydrogenation on the water-phase bio-oil to obtain polyols; step 2, performing catalytic dehydration on the polyols obtained in step 1 under a basic catalyst system to obtain epoxyalkane; and step 3, making the epoxyalkane obtained in step 2 and methanol undergo a reaction under a molecular sieve catalyst and removing the solid catalyst by separation to obtain the long-chain alcohol ether oxygenated additive.

A fuel or fuel blending agent for an internal combustion engine includes a ketone compound that is a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 branched acyclic ketone, cyclopentanone, or a derivative of cyclopentanone. The ketone compound may be blended with a majority portion of a fuel selected from the group consisting of: gasoline, diesel, alcohol fuel, biofuel, renewable fuel, Fischer-Tropsch fuel, or combinations thereof. The ketone compound may be derived from biological sources. A method for powering an internal combustion engine with a fuel comprising the ketone compound is also provided.

A fuel additive cartridge for use with a dimethyl-ether fuel system of a vehicle includes a reservoir for storing and dispensing a liquid fuel additive into a flow of fuel in a fill conduit during refueling. The cartridge also includes a dispenser actuated by the fuel flow to selectively dispense the liquid fuel additive from the reservoir. The fuel additive cartridge is intended to attach to a dimethyl-ether fuel system at a location between a fueling inlet connector and a storage tank to facilitate a metered mixing of liquid fuel additive from the cartridge and dimethyl-ether during the re-fueling of the storage tank.

The invention relates to liquid hydrocarbons containing cyclic ortho esters as dehydrating dehydrating icing inhibitors and to methods of using the compounds. The liquid hydrocarbons include fuels such aviation fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids and hydrocarbon solvents.

Provided are fuel components, a method for producing fuel components, use of the fuel components and fuel containing the fuel components based on ketone(s).