Quaternary ammonium salts of formula: wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently selected from an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group having less than 8 carbon atoms, R together with N forms an aliphatic or aromatic heterocycle having less than 12 carbons atoms and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarhyl group. The use of these compounds as fuel or lubricant additives, especially as diesel fuel additives,

The present invention provides a solid addition-type diesel environmental protection anti-smoke additive and a method for preparing the same. The additive includes a solvent, vinyl ferrocene, and vinyl acetate. The method includes the following steps: under the condition that nitrogen is introduced to completely replace air, adding to a high-pressure reactor the solvent, vinyl ferrocene, vinyl acetate, and a free radical initiator; starting stirring to introduce a high-pressure vinyl monomer; polymerizing and synthesizing a free radical into a crude product of a diesel anti-smoke oxidant; under the condition of the constant temperature of a system, completing reaction when a pressure is not changed for 60 min; cooling down a reaction product to a room temperature and releasing the pressure to an atmospheric pressure to obtain the crude product; and performing atmospheric distillation for the crude product to remove a petroleum ether and an unreacted raw material from the crude product.

The present invention provides a solid addition-type diesel environmental protection anti-smoke additive and a method for preparing the same. The additive includes a solvent, vinyl ferrocene, and vinyl acetate. The method includes the following steps: under the condition that nitrogen is introduced to completely replace air, adding to a high-pressure reactor the solvent, vinyl ferrocene, vinyl acetate, and a free radical initiator; starting stirring to introduce a high-pressure vinyl monomer; polymerizing and synthesizing a free radical into a crude product of a diesel anti-smoke oxidant; under the condition of the constant temperature of a system, completing reaction when a pressure is not changed for 60 min; cooling down a reaction product to a room temperature and releasing the pressure to an atmospheric pressure to obtain the crude product; and performing atmospheric distillation for the crude product to remove a petroleum ether and an unreacted raw material from the crude product.

The disclosure provides dyes for marking hydrocarbon compositions. More particularly, the disclosure relates to non-mutagenic dyes for marking hydrocarbon compositions.

The disclosure provides dyes for marking hydrocarbon compositions. More particularly, the disclosure relates to non-mutagenic dyes for marking hydrocarbon compositions.

Diheterocyclo diazene dicarboxamides have been found to effectively reduce the ignition delay and/or as effective cetane number improvers in diesel fuels and is suitable for use in modern engines.

Diheterocyclo diazene dicarboxamides have been found to effectively reduce the ignition delay and/or as effective cetane number improvers in diesel fuels and is suitable for use in modern engines.

A method of marking a hydrocarbon liquid includes the step of adding to the liquid, as a tracer compound, a compound of Formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein at least one of R.sup.1-R.sup.4 is selected from: i. a bromine or fluorine atom; ii. a partially or fully halogenated alkyl group; iii. a branched or cyclic C.sub.4-C.sub.20 alkyl group; iv. an aliphatic substituent linking two positions selected from R.sup.1-R.sup.4 in Formula I to one another; or v. a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom, an aliphatic group or halogenated aliphatic group. The tracer compounds are resistant to removal from the fuel by chemical laundering or by contact with absorbents such as charcoal.

A method of marking a hydrocarbon liquid includes the step of adding to the liquid, as a tracer compound, a compound of Formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein at least one of R.sup.1-R.sup.4 is selected from: i. a bromine or fluorine atom; ii. a partially or fully halogenated alkyl group; iii. a branched or cyclic C.sub.4-C.sub.20 alkyl group; iv. an aliphatic substituent linking two positions selected from R.sup.1-R.sup.4 in Formula I to one another; or v. a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom, an aliphatic group or halogenated aliphatic group. The tracer compounds are resistant to removal from the fuel by chemical laundering or by contact with absorbents such as charcoal.

A method of marking a hydrocarbon liquid includes the step of ##STR00001##
adding to the liquid, as a tracer compound, a compound of Formula I:
wherein at least one of R.sup.1-R.sup.4 is selected from: i. a bromine or fluorine atom; ii. a partially or fully halogenated alkyl group; iii. a branched or cyclic C.sub.4-C.sub.20 alkyl group; iv. an aliphatic substituent linking two positions selected from R.sup.1-R.sup.4 in Formula I to one another; or v. a phenyl group substituted with a halogen atom, an aliphatic group or halogenated aliphatic group. The tracer compounds are resistant to removal from the fuel by chemical laundering or by contact with absorbents such as charcoal.