A permanently porous vanadium(II)-containing metal-organic framework (MOF) withvanadium(II) centers and methods for synthesis of such MOF frameworks are provided. Methods for using such compounds to selectively react with N.sup.2 over CH.sub.4 are provided. In the synthetic methods, a vanadium source, such as VY.sub.2(tmeda).sub.2, where Y is a halogen and tmeda is N,N,N,N-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine and a H.sub.2(ligand) are reacted in the presence of acid in a solvent at between 110 C. and 130 C. to form an intermediate product. The intermediate product is collected and washed with a washing agent, such as DMF and acetonitrile, and the vanadium(II) based MOF is activated by heating the washed intermediate product to at least 160 C. under dynamic vacuum.

A method, system, and apparatus for managing variable, multi-phase fluid conversion to output fuel and energy for providing customizable management for processing a volume of natural gas including a volume of methane and a volume of other alkanes that may be cleaned of the other alkanes using a conversion system to create synthesis gas and other fuel products to be used in onsite or combined heat and power or cogeneration applications. In particular, the method, system, and apparatus provide for automated feedback and control directing various gas constituents to different application units with allocations according to settings system parameters to quickly and efficiently meet the demand for various products while making adjustments in real-time.

Methods and systems for separating components are disclosed. A process liquid stream is provided that contains a first component and a second component. The process liquid stream is cooled to near a temperature at which the second component forms a solid. The process liquid stream is expanded into a vessel such that the first component and a first portion of the second component vaporize to form a process vapor stream and a second portion of the second component forms a solid to form a solid product stream. The process vapor stream and the solid product stream are passed out of the vessel.

The present invention relates to a method for modifying the crystalline inorganic framework of an adsorbent with coatings to provide rate selectivity for one gas over others is described. The method described herein narrows the effective pore size of crystalline porous solids with pores less than about 5 for rate selective separations. This method of the invention comprises treating the hydrated or partially hydrated zeolite with a silicone derived binding agent followed by subsequent heat treatment. The additive content and treatment are adjusted to match effective pore size to specific separations. The superior adsorbent has the added convenience of bead forming simultaneously with pore modification as well as having the treatment result in the yielding of high crush strength products.

A method for providing renewable natural gas (RNG) includes removing hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide from biogas to provide partially purified biogas, which may be stored in a mobile storage tank. The partially purified biogas is transported to a biogas upgrading facility, at least partially by truck, rail, or ship. At the biogas upgrading facility, the partially purified biogas is further purified to provide the RNG, which can be injected into a distribution system (e.g., natural gas grid) and/or provided for use in transportation.

Provided is a gas separation device configured to separate a non-hydrocarbon gas from a feed gas containing the non-hydrocarbon gas through use of a gas separation membrane, in which a decrease in operating rate can be suppressed, and economic efficiency is satisfactory. A first membrane module (1) and a second membrane module (2) are arranged in parallel to each other with respect to supply lines for a feed gas. Gas lines for regeneration (14, 15) ((24, 25)), which are branched from a permeate gas line (13) ((23)) of the membrane module (1) ((2)), and which are joined to a feed gas line (21) ((11)) configured to supply the feed gas to the membrane module (2) ((1)), are provided. Under a state in which the feed gas is supplied to the membrane module (1), a permeate gas through the membrane module (1) is supplied, as a gas for regeneration, to the membrane module (2) through the gas lines for regeneration (14, 15). In this case, the membrane module (2) is brought into a non-operation state, and the membrane module (2) is regenerated.

Co-polyimide membranes for separating components of sour natural gas including at least three distinct moieties polymerized together, the moieties including a 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) based moiety; a 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)dianiline (6FpDA) based moiety; and at least one component selected from the group consisting of: a 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl) fluorene (CARDO) based moiety; a 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (durene diamine) based moiety; a 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (ABL-21) based moiety; a 3,3-dihydroxybenzidine based moiety; and a 3,3-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)dianiline based moiety.

Co-polyimide membranes for separating components of sour natural gas including at least three distinct moieties polymerized together, the moieties including a 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) based moiety; a 2,4,6-trimethyl-m-phenylenediamine (DAM) based moiety; and at least one component selected from the group consisting of: a 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)dianiline (6FpDA) based moiety; a 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl) fluorene (CARDO) based moiety; a 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (durene diamine) based moiety; a 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (ABL-21) based moiety; a 3,3-dihydroxybenzidine based moiety; and a 3,3-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)dianiline based moiety.

In accordance with the present invention, disclosed herein is a method comprising the steps for producing lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. Also disclosed herein, is a system utilized to produce low molecular weight hydrocarbons.

Provided are a non-hydrocarbon gas separation device and the like capable of increasing a discharge pressure of a non-hydrocarbon gas to a downstream side while preventing an increase in size of equipment. In the non-hydrocarbon gas separation device, a first separation module (2a) and a second separation module (2b) connected to each other in series are each configured to separate a non-hydrocarbon from a natural gas through use of a separation membrane (20). The non-hydrocarbon gas having been separated from the natural gas is discharged to each of discharge lines (202) and (204). At this time, a pressure of the first separation module (2a) on a discharge line (202) side is higher than a pressure of the second separation module (2b) on a discharge line (204) or (202) side.