Provided is a method of economically modifying low rank coal (LRC) to be high grade coal having minimized water re-absorption and minimized spontaneous ignition possibility while saving energy by coating heavy oil directly on coal without using solvent oil. Provides is a method of modifying coal using palm oil residue, including milling the coal, homogenously mixing the palm oil residue with the milled coal, melting the palm oil residue mixed with the coal so as to be coated on a surface of the coal, and simultaneously drying moisture in the coal, cooling the dried coal, and briquetting the cooled coal.

A combustible heat source for a smoking article is provided, including carbon and a binding agent. The binding agent includes a combination of three binder components: an organic polymeric binder material, a carboxylate burn salt, and at least one non-combustible inorganic binder material. The at least one non-combustible inorganic binder material includes a sheet silicate material. Preferably, the combustible heat source further includes an ignition aid.

Production systems and methods for producing pellets or pellet products, which can be used, e.g., in an electric arc furnace (EAF) to produce metal alloys, are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a method for forming coke pellets includes (i) blending biomass with a set of materials to form an input blend, (ii) preconditioning the input blend by hydrating the input blend to generate a first plurality of particles, (iii) charging the first plurality of particles into an oven to produce a second plurality of particles via pyrolysis, (iv) post-conditioning the second plurality of particles to produce a third plurality of particles by exposing the second plurality of particles to at least one of an amphipathic binder, a hydrophobic binder, or a hydrophilic binder, and (v) physically altering the third plurality of particles to form coke pellets. The biomass can have a first volatility and the set of materials can have a second volatility lower than the first volatility.

Production systems and methods for producing pellets or pellet products, which can be used, e.g., in an electric arc furnace (EAF) to produce metal alloys, are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a method for forming coke pellets includes (i) blending biomass with a set of materials to form an input blend, (ii) preconditioning the input blend by hydrating the input blend to generate a first plurality of particles, (iii) charging the first plurality of particles into an oven to produce a second plurality of particles via pyrolysis, (iv) post-conditioning the second plurality of particles to produce a third plurality of particles by exposing the second plurality of particles to at least one of an amphipathic binder, a hydrophobic binder, or a hydrophilic binder, and (v) physically altering the third plurality of particles to form coke pellets. The biomass can have a first volatility and the set of materials can have a second volatility lower than the first volatility.

The present disclosure relates to a clean coal for combustion and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) dispersing starch in water, uniformly stirring, and fully gelatinizing; (2) adding a sulfur-fixing agent into the gelatinization solution, and centrifuging to obtain the starch gelatinized solution containing the sulfur-fixing agent; (3) crushing the coal for combustion to obtain coal particles; and (4) conveying the coal particles to a fluidized bed, spraying the starch gelatinized solution containing the sulfur-fixing agent on the coal particles in a suspension state, and drying to obtain coal particles adsorbed with the sulfur-fixing agent and gelatinized starch. According to the present disclosure, the starch gelatinized solution is used to dissolve the soluble sulfur-fixing agent, and then the starch solution is adsorbed in-situ into the coal particles, so that the soluble sulfur-fixing agent is uniformly adsorbed in the coal for combustion.

The present disclosure relates to a clean coal for combustion and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) dispersing starch in water, uniformly stirring, and fully gelatinizing; (2) adding a sulfur-fixing agent into the gelatinization solution, and centrifuging to obtain the starch gelatinized solution containing the sulfur-fixing agent; (3) crushing the coal for combustion to obtain coal particles; and (4) conveying the coal particles to a fluidized bed, spraying the starch gelatinized solution containing the sulfur-fixing agent on the coal particles in a suspension state, and drying to obtain coal particles adsorbed with the sulfur-fixing agent and gelatinized starch. According to the present disclosure, the starch gelatinized solution is used to dissolve the soluble sulfur-fixing agent, and then the starch solution is adsorbed in-situ into the coal particles, so that the soluble sulfur-fixing agent is uniformly adsorbed in the coal for combustion.

The present disclosure relates to a clean coal for combustion and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) dispersing starch in water, uniformly stirring, and fully gelatinizing; (2) adding a sulfur-fixing agent into the gelatinization solution, and centrifuging to obtain the starch gelatinized solution containing the sulfur-fixing agent; (3) crushing the coal for combustion to obtain coal particles; and (4) conveying the coal particles to a fluidized bed, spraying the starch gelatinized solution containing the sulfur-fixing agent on the coal particles in a suspension state, and drying to obtain coal particles adsorbed with the sulfur-fixing agent and gelatinized starch. According to the present disclosure, the starch gelatinized solution is used to dissolve the soluble sulfur-fixing agent, and then the starch solution is adsorbed in-situ into the coal particles, so that the soluble sulfur-fixing agent is uniformly adsorbed in the coal for combustion.

The present disclosure relates to a clean coal for combustion and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) dispersing starch in water, uniformly stirring, and fully gelatinizing; (2) adding a sulfur-fixing agent into the gelatinization solution, and centrifuging to obtain the starch gelatinized solution containing the sulfur-fixing agent; (3) crushing the coal for combustion to obtain coal particles; and (4) conveying the coal particles to a fluidized bed, spraying the starch gelatinized solution containing the sulfur-fixing agent on the coal particles in a suspension state, and drying to obtain coal particles adsorbed with the sulfur-fixing agent and gelatinized starch. According to the present disclosure, the starch gelatinized solution is used to dissolve the soluble sulfur-fixing agent, and then the starch solution is adsorbed in-situ into the coal particles, so that the soluble sulfur-fixing agent is uniformly adsorbed in the coal for combustion.