This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

A method of capturing and disposing of fats, oil and/or grease (FOG) is disclosed. The method includes: providing a porous container formed of a porous fabric, wherein the porous container is filled with an absorbent material capable of absorbing a quantity of the fats, oil, and/or grease through the porous fabric of the porous container; placing the porous container and the absorbent material contained therein in a grease trap; allowing the grease trap to fill up with water and a mixture of fats, oil, and/or grease; removing the fats, oil, and/or grease from the grease trap after a period of time, while the water remains in the grease trap; and transporting the fats, oil, and/or grease.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects.

Coke products configured to be combusted in a cupola furnace are disclosed herein. The coke products can include foundry coke products having a hydraulic diameter of at least 3.5, egg coke products having a hydraulic diameter of 1.5-3.5, and breeze coke products having a hydraulic diameter of 0.5-1.5. Individual foundry coke products can comprise an oblong shape including a length of at least 4, a width of at least 1.5, and a length:width ratio of at least 2.0. In some embodiments, the length of individual coke products can be between 6-12 and the width can be at least 2.5. Additionally, the foundry coke products can have a Coke Reactivity Index (CRI) of at least 40%. The coke products can be made from a blend of coal and breeze coke products in horizontal ovens, such as horizontal heat recovery or horizontal non-recovery ovens.