The use of hypophosphorous acid as a corrosion inhibitor for esterification reactions of free fatty acids contained in a fatty substance is described, particularly in the presence of an organosulfonic acid. The invention also relates to a method for the esterification of fatty acids.

Provided are marine fuels or fuel blending compositions, methods of making such fuels or compositions and methods of potentially reducing the life cycle carbon intensity of marine fuels or a fuel blending compositions. The marine fuel or fuel blending composition disclosed herein includes at least 20 vol % of a resid-containing fraction, and from 5 vol % to 80 vol % of one or more renewable fuel blending components. The one or more renewable fuel blending components includes one or more fatty acid alkyl esters. Optionally the one or more renewable fuel blending components may include gas-to-liquid hydrocarbons from renewable synthesis gas, hydrotreated natural fat or oil, hydrotreated waste cooking oil, hydrotreated tall oil, pyrolysis gas oil, or combinations thereof. Optionally, the resulting marine fuel or fuel blending composition can have a BMCI−TE difference value of 15 or less.

The present disclosure relates to carbon dots, uses thereof and methods of manufacture thereof. For example, such carbon dots can be used in the production of biofuels such as biodiesel. For example, these carbon dots can be used as catalysts in transesterification reactions. For example, these carbon dots can be glycine-citric acid carbon dots, amine-passivated carbon dots, or combinations thereof.

A mixture comprising a) biodiesel, and b) 10% to 60% by weight, in particular 15% to 40% by weight, of benzyl hemiformal.

A diesel fuel composition as disclosed includes a fossil diesel component, a fatty acid methyl esters component, and a hydrotreated renewable paraffinic diesel component. A method is disclosed for producing the diesel composition and use thereof. Use of the hydrotreated renewable paraffinic diesel component as an oxidation stability improver is further disclosed.

Provided is a system and method for producing and purifying biodiesel. In particular, the system comprises a tandem arrangement of at a modular biodiesel reactor and a continuous flow separation and purification unit. The system can further comprise an evaporation unit that is placed between the biodiesel reactor and the continuous flow separation and purification unit.

A nanostructure includes a plurality of substantially spherically curved carbon layers having diameters in a range of 1 nanometer to 1000 nanometers and a plurality of halogen atoms attached to an outer convex side of the carbon layers. A composition of matter includes a liquid fuel and an additive including at least one liquid and a plurality of carbon nano-onions. A method of fabricating an additive for liquid fuel includes creating a carbon-based material using a plasma in an environment including at least one hydrocarbon gas and/or at least one liquid containing hydrocarbons, organometallic metal-complex, and/or element-organic compounds, evaporating organic material from the carbon-based material, halogenating the carbon-based material, and extracting carbon nano-onions from the halogenated carbon-based material.

Systems and methods to provide low carbon intensity (CI) transportation fuels through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions based upon an analysis of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various options for feedstock procurement, feedstock refining, processing, or transformation, and fuel product distribution pathways to end users. Such options are selected to maintain the total CI (carbon emissions per unit energy) of the transportation fuel below a pre-selected threshold that defines an upper limit of CI for the transportation fuel.

A diesel fuel composition comprising as an additive an ester compound which is the reaction product of an optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and a polyhydric alcohol of formula H—(OR).sub.n—OH, wherein R is an optionally substituted alkylene group and n is at least 1.

An improved biodiesel production process includes the steps of processing a feedstock to produce biodiesel, cooling the biodiesel so as to form sediment, and filtering the biodiesel to remove the sediment. The resulting biodiesel from the cold filtration process avoids problems of sediment formation during storage and transportation.