A method for improving wear control, while maintaining or improving fuel efficiency, in an engine or other mechanical component lubricated with a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil. The formulated oil has a composition including a lubricating oil base stock as a major component, and a mixture as a minor component of (i) at least one metal salt of a straight chain carboxylic acid, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc (Zn), and combinations thereof, and (ii) at least one metal salicylate salt, wherein the metal is calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) or combinations thereof, wherein the molar ratio of the total metal concentration from the salicylate salt divided by the total metal concentration from the straight chain carboxylic acid ranges from 0.1 to 40. The lubricating oils are useful in internal combustion engines.

A method for improving wear control, while maintaining or improving fuel efficiency, in an engine or other mechanical component lubricated with a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil. The formulated oil has a composition including a lubricating oil base stock as a major component, and a mixture as a minor component of (i) at least one metal salt of a straight chain carboxylic acid, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc (Zn), and combinations thereof, and (ii) at least one metal salicylate salt, wherein the metal is calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) or combinations thereof, wherein the molar ratio of the total metal concentration from the salicylate salt divided by the total metal concentration from the straight chain carboxylic acid ranges from 0.1 to 40. The lubricating oils are useful in internal combustion engines.

A method for improving wear control, while maintaining or improving solubility and fuel efficiency, in an engine or other mechanical component lubricated with a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil. The formulated oil has a composition including a lubricating oil base stock as a major component; and at least one metal salt of a carboxylic acid, as a minor component; wherein the metal salt of the carboxylic acid contains no sulfur or phosphorus; wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc (Zn), and mixtures thereof; wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic carboxylic acid, a cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid, an aromatic carboxylic acid, and mixtures thereof; wherein the molar ratio of (zinc+palladium+silver+gold)/phosphorus of said formulated oil is greater than 1.0. The lubricating oils are useful in internal combustion engines.

A method for improving wear control, while maintaining or improving solubility and fuel efficiency, in an engine or other mechanical component lubricated with a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil. The formulated oil has a composition including a lubricating oil base stock as a major component; and at least one metal salt of a carboxylic acid, as a minor component; wherein the metal salt of the carboxylic acid contains no sulfur or phosphorus; wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc (Zn), and mixtures thereof; wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic carboxylic acid, a cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid, an aromatic carboxylic acid, and mixtures thereof; wherein the molar ratio of (zinc+palladium+silver+gold)/phosphorus of said formulated oil is greater than 1.0. The lubricating oils are useful in internal combustion engines.

The present invention relates to a steel cord for rubber reinforcement. In the steel cord of the present invention, cobalt is contained by 0.001 ppm to 0.1 ppm within a 4 nm top-surface of the brass-plated steel wire. A method of manufacturing the steel cord includes: providing a brass-plated steel wire; mixing a cobalt compound in a wet lubricant filled in a wet drawing bath provided with a plurality of drawing dies between one pair of multi-stage drawing cones such that the concentration of the cobalt compound becomes 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm; and causing the cobalt to be contained by 0.001 ppm to 0.1 ppm within a 4 nm top-surface of the brass-plated steel wire after the brass-plated steel wire passes through a final die by causing the cobalt to be attached to a surface of the brass-plated steel wire and alloyed with a brass layer while the brass-plated steel wire is passing through the drawing cones and the drawing dies to be subjected to multi-stage drawing.

The present invention relates to a steel cord for rubber reinforcement. In the steel cord of the present invention, cobalt is contained by 0.001 ppm to 0.1 ppm within a 4 nm top-surface of the brass-plated steel wire. A method of manufacturing the steel cord includes: providing a brass-plated steel wire; mixing a cobalt compound in a wet lubricant filled in a wet drawing bath provided with a plurality of drawing dies between one pair of multi-stage drawing cones such that the concentration of the cobalt compound becomes 0.1 ppm to 100 ppm; and causing the cobalt to be contained by 0.001 ppm to 0.1 ppm within a 4 nm top-surface of the brass-plated steel wire after the brass-plated steel wire passes through a final die by causing the cobalt to be attached to a surface of the brass-plated steel wire and alloyed with a brass layer while the brass-plated steel wire is passing through the drawing cones and the drawing dies to be subjected to multi-stage drawing.

Methods of pre-conditioning and lubricating the rubbing surfaces of steel substrates are provided. The methods include a pre-conditioning step in which a hydrocarbon fluid having cycloalkane carboxylic acid additives dispersed therein is used to form a tribofilm on a rubbing surface of a device, following by replacing the pre-conditioning lubricant with a cycloalkane-carboxylic acid-free hydrocarbon lubricant for the regular operation of the device. The tribofilm formed during the pre-conditioning step provides long-term friction and wear reduction at the rubbing surfaces, even after it is replaced, and allows for the subsequent operation of the device without the need to change the composition of the regularly used lubricant.

Methods of pre-conditioning and lubricating the rubbing surfaces of steel substrates are provided. The methods include a pre-conditioning step in which a hydrocarbon fluid having cycloalkane carboxylic acid additives dispersed therein is used to form a tribofilm on a rubbing surface of a device, following by replacing the pre-conditioning lubricant with a cycloalkane-carboxylic acid-free hydrocarbon lubricant for the regular operation of the device. The tribofilm formed during the pre-conditioning step provides long-term friction and wear reduction at the rubbing surfaces, even after it is replaced, and allows for the subsequent operation of the device without the need to change the composition of the regularly used lubricant.

Methods and compositions for using lubricants in subterranean formations, and specifically lubricants that comprise certain solvents, surfactants and alcohols or alcohol ethoxylates, and methods for their use, are provided. In one embodiment, the methods include introducing a treatment fluid that includes a base fluid and a lubricant including a glycol component, an alcohol or alcohol ethoxylate component, and at least one nonionic surfactant into at least a portion of a subterranean formation.

Methods and compositions for using lubricants in subterranean formations, and specifically lubricants that comprise certain solvents, surfactants and alcohols or alcohol ethoxylates, and methods for their use, are provided. In one embodiment, the methods include introducing a treatment fluid that includes a base fluid and a lubricant including a glycol component, an alcohol or alcohol ethoxylate component, and at least one nonionic surfactant into at least a portion of a subterranean formation.