The invention provides lubricating composition comprising: an oil of lubricating viscosity, and an oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol, wherein the oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol is substituted with at least one aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of 40 to 96 carbon atoms, and wherein the oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol is substantially free of aromatic hydrocarbyl groups. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical device (such as an internal combustion engine) with the lubricating composition. The invention further relates to the use of the oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol in the lubricating composition to a passenger car internal combustion engine at least one of (i) control of fuel economy, (ii) control of corrosion, (iii) cleanliness, and (iv) control of bore wear.

An alkyloxirane derivative represented by formula (1), wherein M.sub.H and M.sub.L calculated from a gel permeation chromatogram satisfy formula (2):
Z—[O-(AO)n-H]x  (1)
where Z represents a residual group of a compound having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and one to six hydroxyl groups and wherein all of the hydroxyl groups are excluded from said compound; x is 1 to 6; and AO represents an oxyalkylene group having 3 carbon atoms; and n is 25 or more;
0.35≤M.sub.L/M.sub.H≤0.75  (2)
where M.sub.H represents a distance between point O and intersecting point P, and M.sub.L represents a distance between point Q and intersecting point P determined from the chromatogram.

An alkyloxirane derivative represented by formula (1), wherein M.sub.H and M.sub.L calculated from a gel permeation chromatogram satisfy formula (2):
Z—[O-(AO)n-H]x  (1)
where Z represents a residual group of a compound having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and one to six hydroxyl groups and wherein all of the hydroxyl groups are excluded from said compound; x is 1 to 6; and AO represents an oxyalkylene group having 3 carbon atoms; and n is 25 or more;
0.35≤M.sub.L/M.sub.H≤0.75  (2)
where M.sub.H represents a distance between point O and intersecting point P, and M.sub.L represents a distance between point Q and intersecting point P determined from the chromatogram.

A water-soluble quenching fluid composition prepared by blending: water, at least one kind selected from a polyoxyalkylene glycol and a derivative thereof (A), and an alkylene glycol ether (B), the polyoxyalkylene glycol or a derivative thereof (A) having a mass average molecular weight of 10,000 or more and 100,000 or less, the alkylene glycol ether (B) having a solubility in 100 mL of water at 20 C. of 2.0 g/100 mL-H.sub.2O or less and a molecular weight per 1 mol of 1,000 g/mol or less.

An overbased metal detergent grease comprising at least one of polyalkylene glycol and/or an acid having at least one of both a nitrogen and a sulfur atom. The grease has improved extreme pressure performance as measured by the Standard Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method), ASTM D2596.

Methods of making an overbased metal detergent grease comprising using at least one of polyalkylene glycol and/or an acid having at least one of both a nitrogen and a sulfur atom. Methods of lubricating mechanical components using the grease comprising contacting the mechanical component with the grease. Mechanical components can include gears, drivetrain elements, bearings, hinges, or combinations thereof.

An overbased metal detergent grease comprising at least one of polyalkylene glycol and/or an acid having at least one of both a nitrogen and a sulfur atom. The grease has improved extreme pressure performance as measured by the Standard Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method), ASTM D2596.

Methods of making an overbased metal detergent grease comprising using at least one of polyalkylene glycol and/or an acid having at least one of both a nitrogen and a sulfur atom. Methods of lubricating mechanical components using the grease comprising contacting the mechanical component with the grease. Mechanical components can include gears, drivetrain elements, bearings, hinges, or combinations thereof.

An automotive axle includes a housing including gears and a bath lubricating the gears, the bath including gear oil and about 0.1 to 5 wt. % secondary alcohol ethoxylate based on total weight of the bath such that during automotive operation at temperatures less than a threshold, reverse micelles form to trap air bubbles in the bath, emulsifying the bath, and at temperatures greater than the threshold, the reverse micelles dissipate.

An alkyloxirane derivative represented by formula (1), wherein M.sub.H and M.sub.L calculated from a gel permeation chromatogram satisfy formula (2):

Z[O-(AO)n-H]x(1)

where Z represents a residual group of a compound having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and one to six hydroxyl groups and wherein all of the hydroxyl groups are excluded from said compound; x is 1 to 6; and AO represents an oxyalkylene group having 3 carbon atoms; and n is 25 or more;

0.35M.sub.L/M.sub.H0.75(2)

where M.sub.H represents a distance between point O and intersecting point P, and M.sub.L represents a distance between point Q and intersecting point P determined from the chromatogram.

An alkyloxirane derivative represented by formula (1), wherein M.sub.H and M.sub.L calculated from a gel permeation chromatogram satisfy formula (2):

Z[O-(AO)n-H]x(1)

where Z represents a residual group of a compound having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and one to six hydroxyl groups and wherein all of the hydroxyl groups are excluded from said compound; x is 1 to 6; and AO represents an oxyalkylene group having 3 carbon atoms; and n is 25 or more;

0.35M.sub.L/M.sub.H0.75(2)

where M.sub.H represents a distance between point O and intersecting point P, and M.sub.L represents a distance between point Q and intersecting point P determined from the chromatogram.

A method for preventing or reducing engine knock or pre-ignition in a high compression spark ignition engine lubricated with a lubricating oil by introducing to a combustion chamber of the engine from 0.1 to 5% by volume of the gasoline used a lubricating oil as a formulated oil, said formulated oil having a composition comprising (i) a major amount of a lubricating oil base stock comprising at least 80% by weight of one branched ester having at least 15% of the total carbons in the form of methyl groups, and (ii) a minor amount of at least one ashless amine phosphate antiwear additive. Also provided is a lubricating engine oil for high compression spark ignition engines including (i) a major amount of a lubricating oil base stock comprising at least 80% by weight formula I below: ##STR00001##
esterified (per OH basis) with 25 to 100% isobutyric acid and 0 to 75% 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, wherein R is a H, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, or isobutyl, and (ii) a minor amount of at least one amine phosphate ashless antiwear additive.