Extracellular vesicle (EV) compositions, specifically exosomes and microvesicles are disclosed together with the use of such EV compositions, exosomes and microvesicles, in treatment of skin disorders, and lung conditions such as COVID-19, over-reactive inflammatory responses, cytokine storms and/or ARDS.

Objects of the present invention are to provide a method for directly obtaining pluripotent stem cells which do not have tumorigenic property from body tissue and the thus obtained pluripotent stem cells. The present invention relates to SSEA-3 (+) pluripotent stem cells that can be isolated from body tissue.

A fetal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle has immune tolerance properties. The extracellular vesicle containing a fetal stem cell-derived primal immunoglobulin contains various natural antibodies and complement proteins which can immediately respond to foreign infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, pathogens, etc., and thus can effectively treat and prevent infectious diseases through an enhanced innate immune system. Methods are disclosed for preparing the fetal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle.

The present invention provides a second use of mitochondria, which can cure a tendon injury-related disease and prevent a disease caused by a tendon injury. Specifically, the mitochondria disclosed in the present invention have the effect of repairing injured tendon cells and accelerating the healing of the tendon cells. Therefore, by administering a predetermined amount of mitochondria or a composition containing a predetermined amount of mitochondria to a part with a tendon injury, wound healing of the part with the tendon injury can be promoted, thus achieving the effect of repairing the injured tendon and further preventing a joint disease caused by the tendon injury or inflammation.

Methods and products obtained from the method for isolating and culturing mixed populations of stem cells, making decellularized tissue matrix, making decellularized tissue matrix infused with said mixed populations of stem cells, and methods of stem cell therapy are provided.

Various cells, stem cells, and stem cell components, including associated methods of generating and using such cells are provided. In one aspect, for example, an isolated cell that is capable of self-renewal and culture expansion and is obtained from a subepithelial layer of a mammalian umbilical cord tissue. Such an isolated cell expresses at least three cell markers selected from CD29, CD73, CD90, CD166, SSEA4, CD9, CD44, CD146, or CD105, and does not express at least three cell markers selected from CD45, CD34, CD14, CD79, CD106, CD86, CD80, CD19, CD117, Stro-1, or HLA-DR.

Provided herein are isolated neural stem cells. Also provided are methods for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases using suitable preparations comprising the isolated neural stem cells.

Systems and methods (S/M) to detect stress in stem cells are described. The S/M, including modified stem cells, assays and high throughput screens, can be used to identify compounds or other potential stressors that can negatively affect development potential.

The present application provides a method of upregulating an expression of immumodulatory cells in vitro comprising treating the immumodulatory cells with IL-25 to increase an expression of PD-L1. The present application also provides a method for treatment of immune disorders by the aforementioned methods. The present application also provides a method to suppress an expression of immumodulatory cells comprising suppressing an expression of PD-L1. The immumodulatory cells can be human monocytes or hMSCs. The present application further provides a method for treatment of immune-evasive diseases by using the aforementioned method to suppress an expression of immumodulatory cells.

A method for culturing placental potential cell is provided, comprising steps of: (1) obtaining placental cells and/or tissue under aseptic condition; (2) inoculating the placental cells and/or the tissue in a culture medium for culturing, adding cell growth regulators to the culture medium, in such a manner that the placental potential cells grows to make the placental cells and/or the tissue into a proliferative state; (3) culturing the placental potential cells to make the placental potential cells proliferate continuously into cells with characteristics of stem cells. The present invention not only finds the source of human tissues, organs and the continuation of their function, i.e., regenerative potential cells; but also finds a medical and health longevity method, but also finds out the life materials to maintain and support the potential cells, so as to replace drugs with the living material.