The present invention relates to a novel process of producing therapeutic GMP grade Müller cells and Miller cells obtainable therefrom, derived from stem cells using products that are free of animal-derived components. The Müller cells are suitable for treatment of eye disease, including glaucoma. There is also provided a cell culture medium.

The present disclosure relates to methods of treating a human subject having a condition mediated by a deficiency in myelin and methods of increasing oligodendrocyte production from human glial progenitor cells. These methods involve selecting a human subject having a condition mediated by a deficiency in myelin or providing a population of human glial progenitor cells and administering to the subject or the population of human glial progenitor cells one or modulators of a cell signaling pathway selected from the group consisting of Notch signaling, cAMP signaling, CIP2A signaling, RXRA signaling, TCF7L2 signaling, and combinations thereof under conditions effective to treat the condition or increase oligodendrocyte production.

Methods for generating multipotent radial glia-like cells and astrocyte-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells are provided along with the related compositions.

Disclosed herein are neural extracellular vesicles (EVs) and methods of using these EVs in the treatment of spinal cord injury, stroke, and traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease.

The present invention relates to a method for in-vitro production of mammalian neurons expressing the 6 isoforms of the Tau protein (2N4R, 1N4R, 0N4R, 2N3R, 1N3R, 0N3R), comprising a step of neuronal differentiation, in which cellular microcompartments are cultivated for a period of 5 weeks to 100 weeks, each one comprising a hollow hydro gel capsule surrounding post-mitotic neuronal cells and an extracellular matrix, the neuronal differentiation step being carried out in a bioreactor, the cellular microcompartments being kept in suspension in an enclosure of the bioreactor containing a neuronal differentiation medium.

Provided is a method of inducing oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) through direct reprogramming from human somatic cells into which a nucleic acid molecule encoding an Oct4 protein or Oct4 protein-treated human somatic cells. The method of inducing OPCs by treating Oct4-overexpressing human somatic cells with a low molecular weight substance may establish OPCs with high efficiency in a short period of time through direct reprogramming without via neural stem cells, and thus the OPCs are useful as a cell therapeutic agent for an intractable demyelinating disease.

Methods for using gene expression changes and mutations in neural organoids to identify neural networks that predict the onset of Alzheimer's disease and associated comorbidities are disclosed.

The present disclosure provides modified induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived microglia comprising a microglia targeting and activation protein, a microglia regulatory protein, an interfering RNA sequence, a microRNA effector, a non-coding RNA effector, at least one transgene encoding the aforementioned, or a combination thereof. Also provided are methods for treating cancer (e.g., brain cancers) and sensitizing cancer cells to phagocytosis and other cell death pathways with the modified induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived microglia.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for Alzheimer's treatment containing as an active ingredient of late-stage human mesenchymal stem cells induced into glia-like cells (ghMSCs). When the glia-like cells differentiated from the late-stage human mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with neural stem cells having toxicity induced by amyloid beta, effects of increasing the reduced viability and proliferative potential of the neural stem cells and reducing the increased cytotoxicity of the neural stem cells were verified. In addition, the expression of inflammasomes is reduced, and effects of improving long-term memory with respect to spatial perception ability and enhancing spatial cognitive ability in Alzheimer-induced mouse models were verified. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be advantageously used in Alzheimer's treatment.

The present invention includes a functionalized nerve guidance conduit (NGC), methods of making neurotrophic factor-expressing neural crest stem-like cells (NCSC) and/or Schwann cell precursor-like (SCP) cells, methods of making the functionalized nerve guidance conduit, and methods of treating nerve injury using the functionalized nerve guidance conduit.