The invention concerns a gallinacean embryo in which cancer cells have been grafted within the embryo tissue, characterised in that the embryo is at a developmental stage between the HH10 and HH25 stages at the time of the grafting, wherein said cancer cells are not neuroblastoma cells and said cells form tumors inside the embryo.

Forced expression of a handful of transcription factors (TFs) can induce conversions between cell identities; however, the extent to which TFs can alter cell identity has not been systematically assessed. Here, we assembled a human TFome, a comprehensive expression library of 1,578 human TF clones with full coverage of the major TF families. By systematically screening the human TFome, we identified 77 individual TFs that induce loss of human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cell (hiPSC) identity, suggesting a pervasive ability for TFs to alter cell identity. Using large-scale computational cell type classification trained on thousands of tissue expression profiles, we identified cell types generated by these TFs with high efficiency and speed, without additional selections or mechanical perturbations. TF expression in adult human tissues only correlated with some of the cell lineage generated, suggesting more complexity than observation studies can explain.

Disclosed are compositions comprising cellular constructs comprising mesenchymal cells and epithelial cells. Also disclosed are methods of making the cellular constructs, methods of hair restoration, and kits. The invention also discloses parallel bio-printing systems and methods for making cellular constructs, such as cellular constructs comprising mesenchymal cells and epithelial cells.

As a technique for proliferating neural crest cells without reducing differentiation capacity, provided is a method for producing neural crest cells, comprising the steps of: (1) obtaining neural crest cells; and (2) suspension-culturing the neural crest cells in a medium comprising a GSK3 inhibitor and a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), wherein the medium comprises the GSK3 inhibitor with a concentration that exhibits an effect equivalent to that exhibited by CHIR99021 with a concentration of higher than 1 M and lower than 5 M.

Compositions and methods for generating melanocytes through direct reprogramming are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of use of such compositions for the treatment of vitiligo and other hypopigmentation disorders. In accordance with the present invention, a method for producing melanocytes suitable for use in human patients is provided. An exemplary method comprises providing cells capable of transdifferentiation into melanocytes, culturing said cells in a chemically defined culture medium, introducing at least two of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), SRY-related HMG-box (SOX10) transcription factor and paired box-3 (PAX-3) transcription factor and paired box-3 (PAX-3) transcription factor, or nucleic acids encoding said transcription factors into said cells, wherein expression of said factors induces the cells to transdifferentiae into melanocytes expressing melanocyte markers TYR, DCT, S-100 and Melan-A.

The present invention relates to the use of warmers, or autonomous heat packs, for heating and maintaining a solution at a suitable temperature, for the period of time required to accomplish a chemical, biochemical or biological reaction, in particular in molecular biology or cell biology applications. Biology kits containing warmers are also part of this invention.

Disclosed are an artificial tissue including an artificial papillary layer, an artificial skin and a method of manufacturing the same. The artificial tissue includes an extracellular matrix layer including a first extracellular matrix and an artificial papillary layer formed on the extracellular matrix layer and including a papilla or papillae, each papilla including a cell and a second extracellular matrix, thereby overcoming the structural limitation of the flat dermis of existing artificial tissue, exhibiting excellent ability to mimic human physiology, and enabling application thereof to the production of various tissues and organs having a fine uneven structure in the human body.

The invention discloses the method of differentiating human induced Pluripotent Stem cells (iPS cells) to obtain pigmented cells which produce melanin. The protocol described is much more efficient than any other method used to obtain melanin in vitro.

The present invention relates to the field of biological technology and relates to a method for growing cells, specifically relating to a 3D suspension method for growing autologous melanocyte by inducing iPS cells, and to an application thereof. Said method of the present invention detaches the iPS cells into single cells and uses 3D culture plates to grow embryoid bodies, which all have uniform shapes and sizes. The early term induction process 14 days before the differentiation replaces 2D planar monolayer cultivation with 3D suspension cultivation, thereby lowering the rate of epithelioid cell occurrences during the differentiation process, enhancing the differentiation efficiency of melanocytes, optimizing the pre-differentiation embryoid body selection, single cell detachment time, and culture medium components, and improving the proliferation state of melanocyte. The melanocyte obtained by means of the present invention has the characteristics of being highly similar to normal melanocyte in vitro and exhibits features markedly superior to normal melanocyte during in vivo transplantation.

Process for carrying out an in vitro biochemical reaction for preparing a cell suspension suitable for application to the skin of a patient.