In related-art methods of differentiating pluripotent stem cells into a desired cell type, there has not been established a differentiation induction method using human ES/iPS cells and being stable and highly efficient. The use of complicated culture steps is a large problem. In addition, there are also large problems in, for example, that the speed of cell differentiation is low, and hence long-period culture is required, and that the differentiation efficiency is low, and hence it is difficult to obtain a sufficient number of required cells. A method of inducing differentiation into a desired cell type, which induces differentiation within a short period of time and with high efficiency by the use of a Sendai virus vector capable of expressing a transcription factor, and as required, the use of a pluripotent stem cell in which an expression amount of a POU5F1 protein has been substantially removed or reduced, is provided.

The present disclosure provides methods of producing a preparation of fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs) from a cell mixture. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of producing a preparation of human FAPs from a skeletal muscle biopsy sample for later use.

A chemically defined medium for differentiation of muscle stem cells in vitro, namely a serum-free, more efficient and inexpensive chemically defined medium for inducing differentiation of muscle stem cells in vitro. Compared with an existing general muscle stem cell differentiation medium, using the chemically defined medium can increase the relative expression of myogenin genes by 4.48 times on the 2.sup.nd day of differentiation, increase the relative expression of myosin heavy chain genes by 55.28 times on the 6.sup.th day, and increase the percentage of cell differentiation from 34.94% to 57.93% in the terminal differentiation stage, and more, thicker and longer muscle fibers are formed through induced differentiation. The chemically defined differentiation medium further improves the differentiation efficiency of muscle stem cells, and provides a more efficient and inexpensive method for differentiation of muscle stem cells into myotubes, and for 3D culture of muscle stem cells to produce cell cultured meat.

A method for generating a three-dimensional neuromuscular organoid in vitro is disclosed. This method comprises the following steps: a) providing a first cell culture comprising neuromesodermal progenitor cells and cultivating the neuromesodermal progenitor cells in a first differentiation medium chosen from the group consisting of i) a non-supplemented serum-free cell culture medium and ii) a serum-free cell culture medium supplemented with at least one of a ROCK inhibitor, an activator of a growth factor signaling pathway, and an activator of an insulin signaling pathway; b) replacing the first differentiation medium by a second differentiation medium within 1 to 3 days after cultivation start, wherein the second differentiation medium is chosen from the group consisting of i) a non-supplemented serum-free cell culture medium and ii) a serum-free cell culture medium supplemented with at least one of an activator of a growth factor signaling pathway, and an activator of an insulin signaling pathway; c) replacing the second differentiation medium by a non-supplemented serum-free cell culture medium within 1 to 3 days after replacing the first differentiation medium by the second differentiation medium; and d) obtaining a three-dimensional neuromuscular organoid from the non-supplemented serum-free cell culture medium.

Embodiments of the invention describe a cultured meat or food product with more desirable flavor and texture, as well as methods and compositions for producing the same. Certain embodiments are directed to methods of producing a stiffer, structured surfaces or scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and support the growth of myotubes that are interspersed with a scaffold component supporting fat cells (adipocytes) in vitro.

Systems and methods for producing cultured food products such as cultured meat in a form of meat cut or offal are provided, comprising growing non-human-animal adherent cells on edible scaffold(s) in a cultivation system. The cultivation system typically comprises a plurality of cell culture bioreactors receiving medium at a controlled flow rate adjusted to nourish the non-human-animal adherent cells.

A scaffold-free microtissue is disclosed that includes one or more gold nanostructures linked to a functional moiety, wherein the functional moiety is one or more vasculogenic peptides, one or more anti-inflammatory peptides, one or more antiapoptotic peptides, one or more antinecrotic peptides, one or more antioxidant peptides, one or more oligonucleotides, one or more lipid particles, one or more phospholipid particles, one or more liposomes, one or more nanoliposomes, one or more microRNAs, or one or more siRNAs. The scaffold-free microtissue further includes a plurality of cardiac myocytes or cardiac myoblasts, which are conjugated to the one or more gold nanostructures, wherein the plurality of cardiac myocytes or cardiac myoblasts are arranged in a cluster. The scaffold-free microtissue further includes a plurality of fibroblasts, wherein the fibroblasts are arranged in at least one layer of fibroblasts that substantially surrounds the cluster of gold-nanostructure-conjugated cardiac myocytes or gold-nanostructure-conjugated cardiac myoblasts.

This document relates to meat replica food product, and more particularly to hybrid meat substitute food products comprising plant-based protein and animal cells. The meat replica mimics animal meat, including the texture, beefy flavor, and red-to-brown color transition during cooking.

Provided herein are bovine cells that are adapted to grow in growth medium that contains low-serum or no serum and methods thereof. Also provided are food products made from bovine cells cultivated in vitro and methods for harvesting the cells.

The substrates, systems, and methods described herein relate to textured substrates for preparing a comestible meat product. Substrates and methods are described herein for controlling one or more of growth, adhesion, retention, and/or release of cells (e.g., of a cell sheet) on or from the surface of the substrate. A method of preparing a comestible meat product may include applying a plurality of non-human cells to at least one patterned texture substrate, growing the cells on the patterned texture substrate to form the comestible meat product, and separating the comestible meat product from the patterned texture substrate. The patterned texture allows for improved growth, adhesion, retention, and/or release of cells as compared to another surface not comprising the patterned texture. In some embodiments, the cell culture substrate surfaces include a plurality of regions corresponding to a plurality of patterned textures.