A hierarchical catalyst composition comprising a continuous or particulate macroporous scaffold in which is incorporated mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein an enzyme is embedded in mesopores of the mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles. Methods for synthesizing the hierarchical catalyst composition are also described. Also described are processes that use the recoverable hierarchical catalyst composition for depolymerizing lignin, remediation of water contaminated with aromatic substances, polymerizing monomers by a free-radical mechanism, epoxidation of alkenes, halogenation of phenols, inhibiting growth and function of microorganisms in a solution, and carbon dioxide conversion to methanol. Further described are methods for increasing the space time yield and/or total turnover number of a liquid-phase chemical reaction that includes magnetic particles to facilitate the chemical reaction, the method comprising subjecting the chemical reaction to a plurality of magnetic fields of selected magnetic strength, relative position in the chemical reaction, and relative motion.

Provided is a method of modifying a first cannabinoid into a second cannabinoid or a non-cannabinoid. The method comprises combining the first cannabinoid with an enzyme that can modify the first cannabinoid into the second cannabinoid or non-cannabinoid under conditions where the first cannabinoid is modified into the second cannabinoid or non-cannabinoid. Also provided is a non-naturally occurring enzyme that can modify a first cannabinoid into a second cannabinoid or a non-cannabinoid. A nucleic acid encoding that enzyme is additionally provided. Further provided is a non-naturally occurring nucleic acid that encodes an enzyme having the enzymatic activity of the above non-naturally occurring enzyme. An expression cassette comprising that nucleic acid is additionally provided. A cell comprising the above expression cassette is further provided. Also provided is a plant expression cassette comprising the above-identified nucleic acid.

The present invention relates to methods and engineered microbial hosts useful for treating lignin or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the host has one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences that encode a ligninase (e.g., a laccase and/or a peroxidase).

The invention relates to obtaining lignin preparations of desirable molecular size and properties. It describes a method of de-polymerizing lignin of high molecular weight into low molecular weight lignin. More in particular, the invention provides a method for producing lignin with a low molecular weight wherein high molecular weight lignin is contacted with an alkaline laccase at alkaline pH in a reaction vessel and wherein the lignin with a molecular weight below 2 kDa is selectively removed from the reaction vessel during the reaction.

The technical field of enzyme immobilization, and particularly, an organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflower and a preparation method thereof. The organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflower is a flower-like immobilized enzyme formed by self-assembly of a layered rare earth compound as an inorganic carrier and a biological enzyme as an organic component. The layered rare earth compound is Ln.sub.2(OH).sub.5NO.sub.3.nH.sub.2O, where Ln is one or more of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, or Y, and n=1.1-2.5. The biological enzyme is one or more of α-amylase, horseradish peroxidase, or laccase. A layered rare earth compound is used as the inorganic carrier for the organic biological enzyme to form the flower-like immobilized enzyme. The immobilized enzyme has better stability and higher catalytic performance when compared with a free enzyme.

The present description is related to the field of protein production. It introduces novel host cells with low protease activity, a novel protease regulator, its use in expression systems and protein production, and a method of producing host cells for protein production.

The present invention relates to a valuable product in the form of a flavonoid-containing phenol mixture having intense red coloration and to a method for obtaining a valuable-substance phase, more particularly a red-colored phase, from a native substance mixture.

A hierarchical catalyst composition comprising a continuous or particulate macroporous scaffold in which is incorporated mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein an enzyme is embedded in mesopores of the mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles. Methods for synthesizing the hierarchical catalyst composition are also described. Also described are processes that use the recoverable hierarchical catalyst composition for depolymerizing lignin, remediation of water contaminated with aromatic substances, polymerizing monomers by a free-radical mechanism, epoxidation of alkenes, halogenation of phenols, inhibiting growth and function of microorganisms in a solution, and carbon dioxide conversion to methanol. Further described are methods for increasing the space time yield and/or total turnover number of a liquid-phase chemical reaction that includes magnetic particles to facilitate the chemical reaction, the method comprising subjecting the chemical reaction to a plurality of magnetic fields of selected magnetic strength, relative position in the chemical reaction, and relative motion.

A cleaning agent comprising a supporting substrate with an oxidoreductase enzyme immobilized thereon wherein the oxidoreductase enzyme is selected from oxidoreductase enzymes having an enzyme classification number selected from the group consisting of E.C. 1.1-1.10 and E.C. 1.12-1.99.

The present disclosure provides an immobilized crude enzyme for degrading complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of remediation of complex organics-polluted soil. The present disclosure particularly relates to an immobilized crude enzyme and a preparation method thereof. In the present disclosure, the immobilized crude enzyme for degrading complex PAHs in soil is prepared from an acid-modified chestnut inner shell and a crude enzyme solution of white rot fungi; and there are copper ions in the crude enzyme solution of the white rot fungi. The preparation method includes: 1, preparing a chestnut inner shell into a powdered material; 2, preparing modified biochar; 3, conducting immobilization.